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Autism and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are terms for a group of complex neurobehavioral disorders. In 2013, with the publication of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), all autism disorders were merged into one overall diagnosis of ASD. The diagnostic category no longer includes separate diagnoses for Asperger’s Syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified. The DSM-5 also includes a related, but distinct, diagnostic category of Social Communication Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairment in reciprocal social interaction, impairment in communication, and the presence of repetitive and stereotypic patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities. However, symptoms and their severity vary widely across these three core areas. It may result in relatively mild challenges for someone on the high functioning end of the autism spectrum. For others, symptoms may be more severe, when repetitive behaviors and lack of spoken language interfere with everyday life. The basic symptoms of autism can be accompanied by other medical conditions and challenges, which can also vary widely in severity. Research shows the most effective treatment for individuals with ASD is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).