| Language |
Endonym[77] |
Family |
Speakers
(% of total) |
Speaks English
“Very Well”[78]
|
| Total |
— |
— |
444,124 (100) |
19.22%
|
| Total (excl. Navajo) |
— |
— |
203,127 (54.32) |
15.82%
|
| Navajo |
Diné bizaad |
Na-Dené |
170,822 (45.68) |
23.25%
|
| Dakota |
Dakȟótiyapi |
Siouan |
18,804 (5.03) |
9.86%
|
| Cherokee |
Tsalagi Gawonihisdi (ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ) |
Iroquoian |
12,320 (3.29) |
16.33%
|
| Zuni |
Shiwi’ma |
Isolate |
9432 (2.52) |
14.22%
|
| American Indian (Other) |
— |
— |
8888 (2.38) |
16.73%
|
| O’odham (Pima) |
Oʼodham ñiʼokĭ |
Uto-Aztecan |
8190 (2.19) |
14.70%
|
| Ojibwe (Chippewa) |
Anishinaabemowin |
Algic |
6986 (1.87) |
11.28%
|
| Hopi |
Hopilàvayi |
Uto-Aztecan |
6776 (1.81) |
18.80%
|
| Inupiat (Inupik) |
Iñupiatun |
Eskimo–Aleut |
5580 (1.49) |
26.04%
|
| Tewa |
— |
Tanoan |
5123 (1.37) |
13.80%
|
| Muskogee (Creek) |
Mvskoke |
Muskogean |
5072 (1.36) |
19.62%
|
| Crow |
Apsáalooke |
Siouan |
3962 (1.06) |
6.59%
|
| Cheyenne |
Tsėhésenėstsestȯtse |
Algic |
2399 (0.64) |
3.21%
|
| Tiwa |
— |
Tanoan |
2269 (0.61) |
3.22%
|
| Towa (Jemez) |
— |
Tanoan |
2192 (0.59) |
27.65%
|
| Blackfoot |
Siksiká (ᓱᖽᐧᖿ) |
Algic |
1970 (0.53) |
11.02%
|
| Sahaptin |
Ichishkíin sɨ́nwit |
Plateau Penutian |
1654 (0.44) |
6.17%
|
| Mohawk |
Kanien’kéha’ |
Iroquoian |
1423 (0.38) |
11.67%
|
| Seneca |
Onödowága |
Iroquoian |
1353 (0.36) |
11.23%
|
| Winnebago |
Hocąk |
Siouan |
1340 (0.36) |
6.27%
|
| Kiowa |
Cáuijògà |
Tanoan |
1274 (0.34) |
9.58%
|
| Aleut |
Unangam tunuu |
Eskimo–Aleut |
1236 (0.33) |
19.01%
|
| Salish |
— |
Salishan |
1233 (0.33) |
22.87%
|
| Kickapoo |
Kiwikapawa |
Algic |
1141 (0.31) |
41.72%
|
| Arapaho |
Hinónoʼeitíít |
Algic |
1087 (0.29) |
1.20%
|
| Tlingit |
Lingít |
Na-Dené |
1026 (0.27) |
8.19%
|
| Passamaquoddy |
Peskotomuhkat |
Algic |
982 (0.26) |
6.11%
|
| Comanche |
Nʉmʉ tekwapʉ |
Uto-Aztecan |
963 (0.26) |
10.59%
|
| Cree |
Nēhiyawēwin |
Algic |
951 (0.25) |
8.73%
|
| Menominee |
Omāēqnomenew |
Algic |
946 (0.25) |
39.64%
|
| Potawatomi |
Bodéwadmi |
Algic |
824 (0.22) |
9.95%
|
| Hidatsa |
Hidatsa |
Siouan |
806 (0.22) |
4.47%
|
| Kickapoo
|
—
|
Algic
|
800 (0.22)
|
|
| Mesquakie (Fox) |
Meshkwahkihaki |
Algic |
727 (0.19) |
22.15%
|
| Karok |
Káruk |
Isolate |
700 (0.19) |
5.43%
|
| Pomo |
— |
Pomoan |
648 (0.17) |
14.81%
|
| Oneida |
Oneyota’aaka |
Iroquoian |
527 (0.14) |
58.63%
|
| Yurok |
Puliklah |
Algic |
491 (0.13) |
1.63%
|
| Cocopah |
Kwikapa |
Yuman |
483 (0.13) |
22.77%
|
| Hualapai |
Hwalbáy |
Yuman |
458 (0.12) |
4.80%
|
| Omaha |
Umoⁿhoⁿ |
Siouan |
457 (0.12) |
1.97%
|
| Chiricahua |
Ndee bizaa |
Na-Dené |
457 (0.12) |
—
|
| Jicarilla |
Abáachi mizaa |
Na-Dené |
455 (0.12) |
14.51%
|
| Yaqui |
Yoem noki |
Uto-Aztecan |
425 (0.11) |
10.12%
|
| Yokuts |
— |
Yokutsan |
407 (0.11) |
27.27%
|
| Koasati
|
Coushatta
|
Muskoeaen
|
370 (0.10)
|
—
|
| Mono |
Mono |
Uto-Aztecan |
349 (0.09) |
—
|
| Mohave |
Hamakhav |
Yuman |
330 (0.09) |
6.36%
|
| Shawnee |
Sawanwa |
Algic |
321 (0.09) |
6.23%
|
| Maidu (NE Maidu) |
Májdy |
Maiduan |
319 (0.09) |
6.90%
|
| Ottawa |
Nishnaabemwin |
Algic |
312 (0.08) |
10.90%
|
| Algonquin |
Anicinâbemowin |
Algic |
288 (0.08) |
19.79%
|
| Okanogan |
Nsəlxcin |
Salishan |
284 (0.08) |
10.92%
|
| Osage |
Wazhazhe ie |
Siouan |
260 (0.07) |
20.38%
|
| Wichita |
Kirikirʔi:s |
Caddoan |
242 (0.06) |
16.12%
|
| Onondaga |
Onǫda’gegá |
Iroquoian |
239 (0.06) |
2.93%
|
| Mi’kmaq (Micmac) |
Míkmawísimk |
Algic |
230 (0.06) |
10.87%
|
| Digueño (Ipai-Kumiai-Tipai) |
— |
Yuman |
228 (0.06) |
60.96%
|
| Washo |
Wá:šiw ʔítlu |
Isolate |
227 (0.06) |
9.69%
|
| Miwok |
Miwok |
Utian |
216 (0.06) |
—
|
| Lushootseed (Puget Salish) |
Xʷəlšucid |
Salishan |
207 (0.06) |
47.83%
|
| Kutenai |
Ktunaxa |
Isolate |
200 (0.05) |
32.50%
|
| Miccosukee |
Mikisúkî |
Muskogean |
188 (0.05) |
22.87%
|
| Tuscarora |
Ska:rù:rę’ |
Iroquoian |
179 (0.05) |
10.06%
|
| Makah |
Qʷi·qʷi·diččaq |
Wakashan |
176 (0.05) |
30.11%
|
| Quechan (Yuma) |
Kwtsaan |
Yuman |
172 (0.05) |
31.98%
|
| Miami |
Myaamia |
Algic |
168 (0.04) |
50.60%
|
| Alabama |
Albaamo innaaɬiilka |
Muskogean |
165 (0.04) |
20.00%
|
| Delaware |
Lënape / Lunaapeew |
Algic |
146 (0.04) |
25.34%
|
| Clallam |
Nəxʷsƛ̕ay̕əmúcən |
Salishan |
146 (0.04) |
1.37%
|
| Penobscot (E Abenaki) |
Panawahpskek |
Algic |
144 (0.04) |
5.56%
|
| Yavapai |
— |
Yuman |
139 (0.04) |
—
|
| Cahuilla |
Ivia |
Uto-Aztecan |
139 (0.04) |
—
|
| Ponca |
Paⁿka |
Siouan |
131 (0.04) |
6.87%
|
| Quinault |
Kʷínaył |
Salishan |
128 (0.03) |
—
|
| Pawnee |
Paári |
Caddoan |
122 (0.03) |
16.39%
|
| Haida |
X̱aat Kíl |
Isolate |
118 (0.03) |
19.49%
|
| Cowlitz |
Stl’pulimuhkl |
Salishan |
110 (0.03) |
82.73%
|
| Mandan |
Nų́ʔetaːre |
Siouan |
104 (0.03) |
38.46%
|
| Arikara |
Sáhniš |
Caddoan |
103 (0.03) |
—
|
| Klamath |
Maqlaqs |
Plateau Penutian |
95 (0.03) |
27.37%
|
| Havasupai |
Havasu’baaja |
Yuman |
90 (0.02) |
52.22%
|
| Chitimacha |
Sitimaxa |
Isolate |
89 (0.02) |
21.35%
|
| Abenaki (W Abenaki) |
Wôbanakiôdwawôgan |
Algic |
86 (0.02) |
—
|
| Tututni (Rogue River) |
Dotodəni |
Na-Dené |
84 (0.02) |
—
|
| Iroquois |
— |
Iroquoian |
76 (0.02) |
—
|
| Tsimshian |
Sm’algyax |
Tsimshianic |
68 (0.02) |
—
|
| Achumawi |
— |
Palaihnihan |
68 (0.02) |
—
|
| Chiwere |
Jíwere |
Siouan |
60 (0.02) |
—
|
| Koasati |
Kowassá:ti |
Muskogean |
59 (0.02) |
6.78%
|
| Koyukon |
Denaakkʼe |
Na-Dené |
58 (0.02) |
12.07%
|
| Upper Chinook |
Kiksht |
Chinookan |
58 (0.02) |
10.34%
|
| Caddo |
Hasí:nay |
Caddoan |
51 (0.01) |
23.53%
|
| Kalapuya (Santiam) |
— |
Kalapuyan |
50 (0.01) |
—
|
| Gros Ventre (Atsina) |
Ahahnelin |
Algic |
45 (0.01) |
—
|
| Tachi |
— |
Yokutsan |
45 (0.01) |
57.78%
|
| Maricopa |
Piipaash chuukwer |
Yuman |
44 (0.01) |
22.73%
|
| Chumash |
S.hamala |
Chumashan |
39 (0.01) |
100.00%
|
| Nomlaki |
Nomlāqa |
Wintuan |
38 (0.01) |
—
|
| Konkow (NW Maidu) |
Koyoom k’awi |
Maiduan |
32 |
100.00%
|
| Tunica
|
Yuron
|
Isolate
|
32
|
—
|
| Tonkawa |
Tickanwa•tic |
Isolate |
29 |
—
|
| Caddo
|
—
|
Caddoan
|
25
|
—
|
| Wintu |
Wintʰu:h |
Wintuan |
24 |
—
|
| Spokane |
Npoqínišcn |
Salishan |
20 |
40.00%
|
| Columbia (Sinkiuse) |
Nxaảmxcín |
Salishan |
17 |
—
|
| Atsugewi |
Atsugé |
Palaihnihan |
15 |
—
|
| Chemehuevi |
Nüwüvi |
Uto-Aztecan |
15 |
—
|
| Abenaki
|
—
|
Algic
|
14
|
—
|
| Cupeño |
Kupangaxwicham |
Uto-Aztecan |
11 |
—
|
| Pawnee
|
Chatiks si chatiks
|
Caddoan
|
10
|
|
| Arikara
|
Sanish
|
Caddoan
|
10
|
|
| Alutiiq (Gulf Yupik) |
Sugpiaq |
Eskimo–Aleut |
8 |
—
|
| Kansa |
Káⁿza |
Siouan |
7 |
—
|
| Siuslaw |
Šáayušła |
Isolate |
6 |
—
|
| Cayuga |
Gayogo̱hó:nǫ’ |
Iroquoian |
6 |
—
|
| Serrano |
Taaqtam |
Uto-Aztecan |
5 |
—
|
| Yuchi |
Tsoyaha |
Isolate |
4 |
—
|
| Shasta
|
—
|
Shastan
|
2
|
100.00%
|
| Wukcumni
|
—
|
Yokutsan
|
1
|
0.00%
|
| Quapaw
|
—
|
Siouan
|
1
|
—
|
