Fleur-de-lis – Wikipedia
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Dictionnaire de la Langue Française, Lexis, Paris, 1993
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Petit Robert 1, Paris, 1990
- ^McVicar, Jekka (2006) [1997]. Jekka’s Complete Herb Book (Revised ed.). Bookmark Ltd. ISBN 1845093704.
- ^Pierre Augustin Boissier de Sauvages (1756). Languedocien Dictionnaire François. p. 154 .
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- a bA Treatise on the Arts, Manufactures, Manners, and Institutions of the Greek and Romans Volume 2 (1835)Thomas Dudley Fosbroke, Volume 2 ( 1835 ) [ 1 ]
- a b
Michel Pastoureau, Heraldry: its origins and meaning p.99
- ^Heraldry in History, Poetry, and Romance, London, 1858, pp. 343.Ellen J. Millington, , London, 1858, pp. 332
- ^Lewis, Philippa và Darley, Gillian ( 1986 ) Dictionary of Ornament
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Ralph E. Giesey, Models of Rulership in French Royal Ceremonial in Rites of Power: Symbolism, Ritual, and Politics Since the Middle Ages, ed. Wilentz (Princeton 1985), p. 43.
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Michel Pastoureau: Traité d’Héraldique, Paris, 1979
- ^A Complete Guide to Heraldry, London, 1909, p. Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, , London, 1909, p. 274
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Sir Walter Scott (1833) The Complete Works of Sir Michael Scott, Volume 1 of 7, Canto Fourth, VIII, New York: Conner and Cooke
- ^” Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1992 – 1998 “. Flagspot. net. Retrieved 3 February 2012 .
- ^New York State Historical Association (1915). Proceedings of the New York State Historical Association with the Quarterly Journal: 2nd-21st Annual Meeting with a List of New Members. The Association. It is most probable that the Bourbon Flag was used during the greater part of the occupancy of the French in the region extending southwest from the St. Lawrence to the Mississippi, known as New France… The French flag was probably blue at that time with three golden fleur – de – lis ….
- ^Wallace, W. Stewart (1948). “Flag of New France”. The Encyclopedia of Canada. Vol. II. Toronto: University Associates of Canada. pp. 350–351. During the French régime in Canada, there does not appear to have been any French national flag in the modern sense of the term. The “Banner of France”, which was composed of fleur-de-lys on a blue field, came nearest to being a national flag, since it was carried before the king when he marched to battle, and thus in some sense symbolized the kingdom of France. During the later period of French rule, it would seem that the emblem…was a flag showing the fleur-de-lys on a white ground…. as seen in Florida. There were, however, 68 flags authorized for various services by Louis XIV in 1661; and a number of these were doubtless used in New France
- ^“Background: The First National Flags”. The Canadian Encyclopedia. 28 November 2019. At the time of New France (1534 to the 1760s), two flags could be viewed as having national status. The first was the banner of France — a blue square flag bearing three gold fleurs-de-lys. It was flown above fortifications in the early years of the colony. For instance, it was flown above the lodgings of Pierre Du Gua de Monts at Île Sainte-Croix in 1604. There is some evidence that the banner also flew above Samuel de Champlain’s habitation in 1608. ….. the completely white flag of the French Royal Navy was flown from ships, forts and sometimes at land-claiming ceremonies.
- ^“INQUINTE.CA | CANADA 150 Years of History ~ The story behind the flag”. inquinte.ca. When Canada was settled as part of France and dubbed “New France,” two flags gained national status. One was the Royal Banner of France. This featured a blue background with three gold fleurs-de-lis. A white flag of the French Royal Navy was also flown from ships and forts and sometimes flown at land-claiming ceremonies.
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Georges Duby, France in the Middle Ages 987–1460: From Hugh Capet to Joan of Arc
- ^Dictionary of Subjects & Symbols in Art. Harper & Row. ISBN Hall, James ( 1974 ) .. Harper và Row. 0-06-433316 – 7. p. 124 .
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Rimša, Edmundas Antanas (1998). Heraldry of Lithuania.
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Moncrieffe, Ian; Pottinger, Don. Simple Heraldry Cheerfully Illustrated. Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd. p. 54.
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Moncrieffe, Ian; Pottinger, Don. Simple Heraldry Cheerfully Illustrated. Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd. p. 20.
- ^“Fleur-de-Lys”. Fleur-de-Lys Administrative Committee. 18 November 2012. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
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Michel Pastoureau, Heraldry: its origins and meaning p.93-94
- ^Campfire Yarn No. 3 – Becoming a Scout)
Baden-Powell, Robert Scouting for Boys, Arthur Pearson, (
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Post, W. Ellwood (1986). Saints, Signs, and Symbols. Wilton, Connecticut: Morehouse-Barlow. p. 29.
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Susan M. Johns, Noblewomen, Aristocracy and Power in the Twelfth-Century Anglo-Norman Realm (Manchester 2003) p130
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A “fanciful derivation”, Oxford English Dictionary (1989)
- ^See the beginning of Chapter 40 .
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