Berlin – Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Berlin ( ; German: [bɛʁˈliːn] ()[7]) is the capital city of Germany. It is the largest city in the European Union by population, with around 3.7 million people in 2020.[8] Berlin residents come from about 190 different countries.
The city is in the eastern part of Germany in Central Europe and is surrounded by many forests and lakes. Berlin has an area of 891 km2 ( 344.02 sq mi ). The rivers Havel, Dahme and Spree run through Berlin. It has a temperate climate .
Berlin is home to many famous buildings and monuments, like the Siegessäule, the Brandenburger Tor, the Reichstag and the boulevard Unter den Linden. On the boulevard is the Humboldt University. The city has many nightlife options.
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Berlin is an important city for the history of Germany. The King of Prussia and the Emperor of Germany lived in Berlin. The government of Germany was in Berlin for many years. Bombs destroyed many buildings in the city in World War Two. The city was split into West Berlin and East Berlin after World War Two. After the Berlin Wall was built in 1961 very few people were allowed to cross from East Berlin into West Berlin. The wall divided the city until 1989 when the East German government decided to allow anyone to cross, and people decided to tear down the wall .Berlin is a world city of culture, start ups, politics, truyền thông and science. [ 9 ] There are a lot of technology companies in the city. They are important for the city’s economy. Many planes and trains travel to and from Berlin because the city is an important place for tourism and business. [ 10 ]
Berliners at lake SchlachtenseeIn 2018, Berlin had 3.75 million registered inhabitants in an area of 891.1 km2 ( 344.1 sq mi ). The city’s population density was 4,206 inhabitants per km2. Berlin is the most populous city in Germany and the European Union. The entire Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has a population of more than 6 million in an area of 30,546 km2 ( 11,794 sq mi ). [ 11 ] [ 1 ] More than 2.0 million households were counted in the city. Around 60 percent of them were single-person households .There are more than 20 communities with a population of at least 10,000 people in 2019, including German, Turkish, Polish, Syrian, Italian, Bulgarian, Russian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Serbian, Bosnian, Vietnamese, American, Romanian, Croatian, Chinese, Austrian, Ukrainian, French, British, Spanish, Israeli, Indian and Iranian communities .In 2019, there were 777,345 registered residents of foreign nationality and another 542,975 German citizens with a ” migration background “, [ 2 ] meaning they or one of their parents immigrated to Germany after 1955. Berlin residents originate from about 190 different countries. [ 12 ]
Berlin is in northeastern Germany, in an area of low-lying marshy woodlands with a mainly flat terrain. It is part of the Northern European Plain. The river Spree and Havel are the two main rivers in the city. In Spandau, a borough in the west of Berlin, the Spree empties into the river Havel, which flows from north to south through western Berlin. The largest lakes being the Tegeler See, the Großer Wannsee and the Großer Müggelsee. [ 13 ]The Arkenberge hills in Pankow at 122 meters ( 400 ft ) elevation are the highest point in Berlin. The Müggelberge ( mountains ) at 114.7 meters ( 376 ft ) elevation is the highest natural point and the lowest is the Spektesee in Spandau, at 28.1 meters ( 92 ft ) elevation. [ 14 ]
Berlin is one of the most renowned centers of higher education and research in Germany and the world. Historically, 57 Nobel Prize winners are affiliated with the Berlin-based universities .The city has four universities and more than 40 private, professional, and technical colleges in 2020. [ 15 ] Around 200.000 students were enrolled in 2019. Among them around 20 % have an international background .The three largest universities combined have approximately 110,000 students. There are the Free University of Berlin (Free University of Berlin, FU Berlin) with about 35,000 students, the Humboldt University of Berlin (HU Berlin) with 40,000 students, and the Technical University of Berlin (TU Berlin) with 35,000 students. The Charité Medical School has around 9,000 students. The Berlin University of the Arts (UdK) has about 4,000 students and the ESMT Berlin is a leading business schools in Germany. The Berlin School of Economics and Law (HWR) has an enrollment of about 11,000 students, the Berlin University of Applied Sciences and Technology (BHT) of about 12,000 students, and the Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft (University of Applied Sciences for Engineering and Economics, HTW) of about 14,000 students.
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Nobel Prize winners[change|change source]
Show at the Friedrichstadt-PalastBerlin is famous for its numerous cultural institutions, many of which enjoy international reputation. [ 16 ] It is a trendsetting city. [ 17 ] Young people, creatives and entrepreneurs continue to settle in the city and make Berlin a popular entertainment center in the world. [ 18 ]
The Berlin cuisine and culinary offerings vary greatly. 23 restaurants in Berlin have been awarded one or more Michelin stars in 2021, which ranks the city at the top for the number of restaurants in Germany. [ 19 ]Many local foods originated from north German culinary traditions and include rustic and hearty dishes with pork, goose, fish, peas, beans, cucumbers, or potatoes. Typical Berliner fare include popular street food like the Currywurst Buletten (meat balls) and the Berliner doughnut, known in Berlin as Pfannkuchen.[20][21] German bakeries offering a variety of breads and pastries are widespread. One of Europe’s largest delicatessen market is found at the department store KaDeWe. Among the world’s largest chocolate stores is Fassbender & Rausch.[22]
Berlin is also home to a diverse gastronomy scene reflecting the immigrant history of the city. Immigrants brought their culinary traditions to the city, such as the varied fast-food version of the doner kebab. Asian cuisine like Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, Indian, Korean, and Japanese restaurants, as well as Spanish tapas bars, Italian, and Greek cuisine, can be found in many parts of the city .
Berliner Pfannkuchen
Doner Kebab
KaDeWe chocolate
Borchardt restaurant
[23]Berlin is recognized for its creative industries and startups .In 2018, the GDP of Berlin totaled € 147 billion. [ 1 ] The city is the largest metropolitan economy in Germany and the third largest in the European Union. Berlin’s economy is dominated by the service sector, with around 85 % of all companies doing business in services. In 2019, the total labor force in Berlin was about 2.0 million .Important economic sectors in Berlin include life sciences, transportation, information and communication technologies, truyền thông and music, advertising and design, biotechnology, environmental services, construction, e-commerce, retail, khách sạn business, and medical engineering. [ 24 ]Research and development are important for the city. [ 25 ] Berlin is part of the Eurozone .
Creative industries[change|change source]
Seat of the European Film Academy in BerlinThe creative arts and entertainment business is an important part of Berlin’s economy. The sector comprises music, film, advertising, architecture, art, design, fashion, performing arts, publishing, R&D, software, [ 26 ] TV and radio .In năm trước, around 30,500 creative companies operated in the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan region, predominantly medium-sized enterprises. Generating a revenue of 15.6 billion Euro and 6 % of all private economic sales, the culture industry grew from 2009 to năm trước at an average rate of 5.5 % per year. [ 27 ]Berlin is an important center in the European and German film industry. [ 28 ] It is home to more than 1,000 film and television production companies, 270 movie theaters, and around 300 national and international co-productions are filmed in the region every year. [ 25 ] The Babelsberg Studios and the production company UFA are adjacent to Berlin in Potsdam. The city is also home of the German Film Academy ( Deutsche Filmakademie ), founded in 2003, and the European Film Academy, founded in 1988 .
Many German and international companies have business or service centers in the city. For several years Berlin has been recognized as a major center of business founders. [ 29 ] In năm ngoái, Berlin generated the most venture capital for young startup companies in Europe. [ 30 ]Among the 10 largest employers in Berlin are the City-State of Berlin, Deutsche Bahn, the hospital providers Charité and Vivantes, the Federal Government of Germany, the local public transport provider BVG, Siemens, Deutsche Telekom and the e-commerce firm Zalando. [ 31 ]Sister cities[change|change source]
Berlin has partnerships with 17 cities. [ 32 ] Each of the 12 boroughs also has their own sister cities .
Other websites[change|change source]
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