Amazing Facts About Alaska’s Giant Pacific Octopus

2. They are undisputed masters of camouflage

In just three-tenths of a second, GPOs can blend into their environment by changing colors using special skin cells called chromatophores. These cells expand and contract and can even produce different textures—like bumps, ridges, and ‘horns’ above an octopus’s eyes—that mimic surrounding surfaces. This is one of the reasons it’s always so exciting to find one on a dive and watch it move over different backgrounds, changing color and texture as it goes. It makes us wonder how many we miss that are just watching us pass by.

3. They have the biggest brain of any invertebrate

Octopuses use their intelligence not only to change the color and texture of their skin but also to control the sensors in their suckers to touch, taste, and smell their surroundings. As divers, this is probably their most appealing trait—most other organisms swim away or don’t react to your presence, but these curious cephalopods seem to want to interact, watching you, watching them, trying to work out if you’re predator or prey, or maybe a playmate. It is definitely a two-way encounter and it’s one that is always cherished.

4. They can perform some amazing feats of strength and agility

Thanks to muscular, yet supple, boneless bodies and powerful suckers, GPOs are incredibly strong and nimble. There are over 2,000 suckers spread out across their eight arms, and the larger ones near the center of the body can lift more than 30 pounds. That’s the strength needed to pry open shellfish and crush hard-shelled crab, but it also helps them achieve other tricks they’ve been known to do like opening jars to get at crabby treats or lifting aquarium lids to escape! Those suckers really do act like suction cups by conforming to the shape of things they touch and contracting the surrounding muscles to create a suction.

5. Like humans, octopuses sleep in more than one stage

There is still so much to learn about these creatures. Most recently, a research study found that when octopuses sleep, they have two stages akin to human’s REM and deep sleep stages. The octopuses in the study changed color from dark to pale as they switched back and forth between stages. It is exciting to think that they may be dreaming during REM just like us, but just like our pets who sometimes seem to be dreaming, we will never really know.