tổng hợp ngữ pháp tiếng anh lớp 8

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Han Anh Tuan- Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School
http://dethi.violet.vn/present/show/entry_id/8989605
Unit

1
My friend

2
Making
arrangements

3
At home

4
Our past

5
Study habits

Attainment targets – Class 8 (Grammar)
Grammar
– Revision: The simple present tense: S + V(s,es) + O/A
– Revision: The simple past tense: S + V(ed) + O/A
– The simple present to talk about general truths.
– Sentences with “Enough/ Too”
• (not) adj/ adv + enough + to Vinf
• (not) too + adj/ adv + to Vinf
– Attributive and predicative adjectives.
– Sentences with “like” (preposition)
• What + be + S + like?

• What + do/ does + S + look like?
– Revision: Exclamatory sentences.
• What + a/an + adj + N+ S+ V!
= S + V + such + a/an + adj + N!
• How + adj/ adv + S + V!
= S + V + so + adj/adv!
– Revision: Talk about intentions with “be going to +
Vinf”
– Contrast: Will/ Be going to/ Present continuous (be +
Ving)
– Adverbs of place: there, here, inside, outside, upstairs,
downstairs.
– Reflexive pronouns
– Modal verbs: Must, have/ has to, ought to.
– Revision: Why – Because ( Because + Clause)
–

Revision: The simple past tense: S + V(ed) + O/A
Preposition of time: in, on, at, after, before, between.
Used to + Vinf
Get/ Be Used to + Ving
Contrast: used to/ be used to
Adverbs of manner:
• S + V + O + adverb of manner
• Adverb = Adjective + ly
– Modal verb: Should ( S + should + Vinf)
– Commands, request and advice in reported speech:
• S + asked/ told / ordered/….. + O + (not) to Vinf
• S + advised + O + (not) to Vinf
1

Grammar & Structure Class 8

Han Anh Tuan- Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School

6
The young
pioneers club

7
My neighborhood

8
Country life and
city life

9
A first – aid course

10

–

–

= S + said (that) + S + Modal verb (not) + Vinf
Simple present tense with future meaning.
Gerunds (Ving)
Modal Verbs: Can/ Could/ May.

• Can/ May/ Could + I/ We + have……?
• Can/ May/ Could + I/We + Vinf…..?
• Can/Could + you + Vinf….?
The present perfect tense with “for” and “since”:
• S + have/ has + P.P + O/A
To show similarity and difference comparison with
“like,
(not) as…. as, (not) the same as, different from.
• S + be (not) as + adj/ N + as +……
• S + be (not) the same as + st….
• S1 + be + different from + S2

– Present progressive: S + be + Ving + O/A.
• to talk about the future.
• to show changes with “get” and “come”
S + be + becoming/ getting + adj.
– Revision: Comparative and superlative adjectives.
– Clause and phrases of purpose:
• in order (not) to + Vinf
• so as (not) to + Vinf
– Revision: Future simple: S + will/ shall + Vinf + O/A
– Modal “Will/ Shall” to make promises, requests and
offers.
– Passive forms:
S
+

V

+

O

recycling
S
+
be + P.P
+
by O
– Adjectives followed by:
• an infinitive: S + be + adj + to Vinf
• a noun clause: S + be + adj + that + Clause.

11

– _ed and _ing participle
2

Grammar & Structure Class 8

Han Anh Tuan- Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School
Traveling around
viet nam

12
A vacation abroad

13
festivals

14
Wonders of the
world

15
computers

16
inventions

– Requests with:
• Would/ Do you mind if + V(simple past) + O?
• Would/ Do you mind + Ving + O?
– Past progressive tense with “when” and “while”:
• S + was / were + Ving + O/A
– Present progressive with “always”:
• S + be + always + Ving
– Passive forms (Continued)
– Direct speech and reported speech:
• S + asked (that) + S + V…..
– Compound Nouns:
• Noun + Ving —-> Compound Noun
• Ving + Noun Compound Noun
– Passive forms (Cont)
– Indirect questions with “if” and “whether”
• S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + V…..
– Question words + to Vinf.
– Verb + to Vinf with purpose and non – purpose.
– The present perfect with “yet” and “already”

• S + have/ has + already + P.P + O/A
• S + haven’t/ hasn’t + P.P + yet.
• Have/ Has + S + P.P + yet?
– Contrast the past simple and the present perfect.
– Passive forms (cont)
• “have” and “get”: S + have/has + st + P.P
• Verbs of opinion: say, think, believe, report,
rumour:
A: S1 + V + that + Clause (S2 + V +
O)
P: It + be + P.P + that + Clause
• “need”: S + need + Ving
– Sequence markers.

3
Grammar & Structure Class 8

Han Anh Tuan- Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School

1/ enough – …… too …… to
2/ …… So …… that – …… such …… that
1) Enough / …. too …. to:
a/ Enough:
S + be/ V + adj / adv + enough + (for O) + to Vinf
Eg1: I am tall enough to reach to the bookshelf
Eg2: He speaks clearly enough for us to understand.
b/ …. too …. to:
S + be / V + too + adj / adv + (for O) + to Vinf
Eg1: It is too heavy for her to carry the box.

Eg2: He spoke too slowly for us to understand.
2) …. so …. that/ …. such …. that:
a/ …. so …. that :
S + be / V + so + adj / adv + that + Clause
Eg1: It was so cold that we couldnt go swimming
Eg2: She gets so early that she can siwish her homework.
b/ …. such …. that :
S + be + such + (a/ an) + adj + N + that + Clause
S + V + such + adv + N + that + Clause
3/ past Participle and present participle
Một số tính từ có tận cùng là đuôi _ed hoặc _ing còn đợc gọi là phân từ hiện tại
và phân từ quá khứ.
Eg: interested interesting
excited exciting
Use:
a) Adjective:
– Đứng trớc cho danh từ để phụ nghĩa cho danh từ đó.
Eg: interesting film
– Đứng sau động từ liên kết( linking verb: be; become; get….)
Eg: My father becomes worried.
+ Chủ thể chỉ ngời (person subject)
Eg: Theyre excited about the vacation to Da Lat
+ Chủ thể chỉ đồ vật hay sự việc (thing subject )
Eg: This film is boring
b) Rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ:
Eg: 1. The girl is in my class. Shes reading book.
The girl reading a book is in my class.
2. There are many books. They are written in English.
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Grammar & Structure Class 8

Han Anh Tuan- Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School
There are many books written in English.
c) Nối hai câu cùng chủ ngữ:
Eg: He went away. He sang a new song.
He went away, singing a new song.
1. past Participle (_ed participle): Thờng bao hàm nghĩa bị động
* Ta dung kt thỳc uụi _ed miờu t cm giỏc con ngi, hay con hay con
ngi b tỏc ng bi 1 yu t no ú
Eg: I am surprised by the news.
* Dùng nh một hình thức bị động khi muốn nhấn mạnh ngời hay vật bị tác động
bởi một yếu tố nào đó.
Eg: The television made in Japan is very expensive.
2. present participle (_ing participle): Thờng bao hàm nghĩa tác động.
* Ta dùng các tính từ kết thúc bằng _ing để nói về những thứ hay ai đó đã
khiến chúng ta có cảm giác nh vậy.
Eg: The lesson is boring.
* Sử dụng nh hình thức tiếp diễn, chỉ ai đó đang thực hiện một hành động.
Eg: The boy chatting on the Internet is my brother.
Note: Tính từ kết thúc bằng _ing thờng có chức năng bổ nghĩa cho danh từ và nó
có thể đứng trớc danh từ.
Eg: The joirney is very tiring.
It is a very tiring joirney.
4/ Passive forms
Thể bị động dùng để nhấn mạnh ý nghĩa, đối tợng thực hiện một hành động, sự
việc trong câu.
Cấu tạo:
S + be + P.P + by O
Sơ đồ khi chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:

S

S

+

+

V

be

+

+

P.P

O

+

O

Một số lu ý khi chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:
Tân ngữ của câu chủ động sẽ làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động.
Động từ to be ở câu bị động phụ thuộc vào thì của động từ chính ở câu chủ
động.
5
Grammar & Structure Class 8

Han Anh Tuan- Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School
Khi muốn nói hoặc nhấn mạnh ai đó gây nên hành động thì ta phải dùng: by +
O (sơ đồ trên)
Nếu trong câu có trạng từ chỉ địa điểm thì khi chuyển đổi ta cho trạng từ đó
đứng giữa P.P và by O, nếu mà có trạng từ chỉ thời gian thì ta cho trạng từ đó
đứng ở cuối câu.
Thể bị động với một số hình thức đơn giản:
1. Thể bị động với thì hiện tại đơn: (The passive form with simple present
tense)
S + be (not) + P.P + by O
Eg 1 : Nam watches TV everyday.
TV is watched by Nam everyday.
Eg 2 : I dont buy a car.
A car isnt bought by me.
2. Thể bị động với thì tơng lai đơn: (The passive form with future simple)
S + Will/ Shall (not)+ be + P.P + by O
Eg: Hoa will visit her parents next week.
Her parent will be visited by Lan next week.
3. Thể bị động với thì quá khứ đơn: (The passive form with past simple)
S + was/ were (not) + P.P + by O
Eg: I learnt English last night.
English was learnt by me last night.
4. Thể bị động với thì hiện tại tiếp diễn: (The passive form with present
progressive)
S + tobe (not) + being + P.P + by O
Eg: He is playing soccer.
Soccer is being played by him.
5. Thể bị động với thì quá khứ tiếp diễn: (The passive form with past

progressive)
S + was/ were (not) + being + P.P + by O
Eg: She was doing her homework at 8 o clock last night.
Her homework was being done at 8 oclock last night.
6. Thể bị động với thì hiện tại hoàn thành: (The passive form with present
perfect)
S + have/ has (not) + been + P.P + by O
Eg: They have built a new clinic near my house.
A new clinic has been built near my house by them.
7. Thể bị động với thì tơng lai gần:(The passive form with Be going to)
S + to be(not) going to + be + P.P + by O
Eg: She is going to meet us at my birthday party.
6
Grammar & Structure Class 8

Han Anh Tuan- Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School
We are going to be met by her my birthday party.
8. Thể bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu: (The passive form with Modal
Verb)
S + modal verb (not) + be + P.P + by O
Eg: You should insure the package.
The package should be insured by you.
5/ used to, be/ get used to
I. Used to: Thờng đã làm gì trong quá khứ. Dùng để nói về những thói quen thờng
diễn ra trong quá khứ nhng nay không còn tồn tại.
*Form: (didnt) + use(d) to + Vinf
II. Be/ get used to: Quen với, thích nghi với.
*Form: get/ be + used to + Ving/ N.
6/ Gerunds

I. Gerunds:
– Là động từ đợc thêm bởi hậu tố _ing
– Có chức năng nh danh từ.
II. Juntion: (Chức năng)
1. Làm chủ ngữ (Subject)
Eg1: Smoking is bad for you.
Eg2: Doing morning exercise regulary is good for you.
2. Làm bổ ngữ:
Eg: Her hobby is collecting stamp.
3. Làm tân ngữ:
a) Cho động từ:
Một số động từ theo sau là danh động từ:
enjoy, love, like, prefer, practise, dislike, finish, admit, avoid,annoy, deny, detest,
forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, suggest, understand, hate, consider,…
Eg: Did you finish working on this project last night?
Danh từ còn theo sau một số thành ngữ nh:
+ It is no good/ use
+ Cant bear/ stand
+ Cant help
+ There is no point in
+ It is (no) worth
+It is a waste of time/ money
Eg: I cant stand sitting alone.
Note:
– stop + to Vinf: dừng để làm gì.
+ Ving: dừng hẳn
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Grammar & Structure Class 8

Han Anh Tuan- Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School
– forget + to Vinf: quªn lµm g×
+ Ving: quªn ®Ó lµm g×
– remember + to Vinf: nhí lµm g×
+ Ving: nhí ®Ó lµm g×
– try + to Vinf: cè g¾ng
+ Ving: thö
– regret + to Vinf: l©ý lµm tiÕc v× ph¶i lµm g×.
+ Ving: Hèi hËn
b) Cho giíi tõ:
Eg: He is interested in learning English.
7/ reported speech
I. Commands, requests in reported speech:
S + asked/ told….+ O + (not) + to Vinf
Eg: “(Don’t) Hurry up, Lan” Linh said
 Linh asked/ told Lan (not) to hurry up.
II. Advice in reported speech:
S + advised + O + (not) + to Vinf
= S + said (that) + S + should/ ought to / had better… + (not) + Vinf
Eg: “You should read book reqularly, Marry” Nga said
 Nga said Marry should read book reqularly.
 Nga advised Marry to read book reqularly.
III. Statements:
S + said/ say (that) + S + V….
Eg1: He said: “I am a student in class 8C”
 He said that he was a student in class 8C
Eg2: Tom says, “I am tired”
 Tom says that he is tired
Eg3: Marry said, “I saw Peter”
 Marry said that she had seen Peter.

Eg4: Hung said, “I have got a new car”
 Hung said he had got a new car.
Eg5: “She can speak English well”, he said
 He said she could speak English well
Eg6: “We will go to China next summer”, Mrs. Lan said
 Mrs. Lan said they would go to China the following summer.
IV. Yes/ No Questions:
asked

S + inquired
wondered




 + if / whether + S2 + V+ ……



Eg1: “Do you play soccer?”, Ha said.
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Grammar & Structure Class 8

Han Anh Tuan- Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School
 Ha asked if/ whether I played soccer.
Eg2: “Are you a doctor?”, Tom asked
 Tom asked if/ whether I was a doctor.
Eg3: “Will Peter be here tomorrow?”, Tom asked.
 Tom wondered whether Peter would be there the following day.

Eg4: “Do you know Peter?”, Nam asked
 Nam asked if I knew Peter.
V. Wh – questions:
asked

S + inquired
wondered




 + wh – word + S2 + V+ ……



Eg1: “What’s your name?”, she asked me
 She asked me what my name was.
Eg2: “Where do you work?” Hoa asked me.
 Hoa asked me where I worked.
Eg3: Mother asked me,”Why don’t you go to school this morning?”
 Mother asked why I didn’t go to school that morning.
VI. Changes:
Direct speech
Reported speech
Now
Then
Today
That day
Ago
Before

Tomorrow
The next day/ the following day
Yesterday
The previous/ the day before
The day after tomorrow
In two days’ time
The day before yesterday
Two days before
Next week/ year
The following week/ year
Last week/ month/ year
• The previous week/ month/ year
• The week/ month/ year before
This
That
These
Those
Here
There
Tonight
That night
Simple present
Simple past
Present continuous
Past continuous
Present perfect
Past perfect
Past simple
Past perfect
Past continuous

Past perfect continuous
Will/ Shall
Would/ Should
Must, have/had to
Had to
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Grammar & Structure Class 8

Han Anh Tuan- Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School
Can
Am/ is / are going to

Could
Was/ were going to

8/ polite requests with mind
I. Would/ Do you mind + Ving…?(Bạn làm ơn (làm) giúp tôi (điều gì) đợc
không?)
Do/ Would you mind + Ving + O?
Eg: Would/ Do you mind driving around the town?
Chúng ta sử dụng cấu trúc trên để đa ra lời yêu cầu, đề nghị một cách lịch
sự.
– Agree:
+ No, Id glad to do that
+ No, Id happy to do that
– Disagree: Im sorry, I cant
II. Would/ Do you mind if….? (Bạn/ anh / chị có phiền/ bận tâm nếu tôi…)
1) Do you mind if I + V (simple present) + O?
Eg: Do you mind if I give him the key?

2) Would you mind if I + V (simple past) + O?
Eg: Would you mind if I smoked here?
Chúng ta sử dụng hai cấu trúc trên để đa ra lời xin phép lịch sự khi muốn làm
gì.
– Agree:
+ No, I dont mind
+ Please do
+ Not at all
+ Please go ahead
+ Never mind/ youre welcome
+ No, of course not
+ No, that would be fine.
– Disagree:
+ Im sorry, I cant
+ I am sorry, that is not possible
+Id rather/ prefer you didnt
9/ clause and phrases of purpose
I. Dùng cụm từ in order to/ so as to (Để mà) để chỉ mục đích.
(+) in order to/ so as to/ to + Vinf
Eg: I study hard to/ in order to/ so as to pass the exam.
(-) in order not to/ so as not to/ not to + Vinf
Eg: I turned on the TV so as not to/ not to/ in order not to watch the news.
II. Ngoài ra ta dùng mệnh đề (Clause)
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Grammar & Structure Class 8

Han Anh Tuan- Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School
S + V + so that/ in order that + S + Modal verb (can/ will/ should…) + Vinf
Eg: I try to study so that/ in order that I can pass the exam.

–> I try to study in order to pass the exam.
III. Note:
Chủ ngữ 2 câu cùng chung ta có thể dùng in order to/ so as to.
Khi không cùng chung chủ ngữ thì không thể dùng đợc.
Động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở thì HTĐ thì sau so that/ in order that ta dùng
can/ will/ cant / wont + Vinf. Nếu nh ở thì QKĐ thì sau so that/ in order that
thì ta dùng could/ would + Vinf
10/ comparative (cont)
I. Comparative of equality:
1. So sánh bằng:
S1 + be/ Verb + as + adj/ adv + as + S2
Eg1: She is tall as me.
Eg2: He speaks as well as native speaker.
2. So sánh không bằng:
S1 + be/ V + (not) + as/ so + adj/ adv + as + S2
Eg1: He isnt as tall as his brother.
Eg2: I cant run as quickly as he.
II. Các dạng so sánh khác:
1. Like: Giống, giống nh.
Dùng Like để so sánh ý giống cái gì, giống ngời nào
* Like + N
Eg: He sings like a singer
2. Different from: Chỉ sự khác biệt, sự đối lập.
* S1 + be + different from + S2.
Eg1: We are different from them.
Eg2: This film is diferent from that one.
3. …………… (not) the same as ……………….:
* S + be (not) + the same as + st…
Eg1: Your car is the same as his .
Eg2: Her books arent the same as him.

11/ the present progressive with always
Always đợc dùng với thì hiện tại tiếp diễn để diễn tả sự phàn nàn, hoặc thể
hiện sự bực mình, tức giận với một vấn đề gì đó.
S + be + always + Ving
Eg1: Nam is always watching TV.
Eg2: She is always forgeting her book.
12/ the present perfect
I. Form:
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Grammar & Structure Class 8

Han Anh Tuan- Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School
(+) S + have/ has + P.P + O/A
Eg: Tom has played tennis for 8 years.
( – ) S + havent / hasnt + P.P
Eg: We havent sent him the letter.
( ?) (Wh word) + have / has + S + P.P ?
( How long)
Eg: Has he smoked since his wife died
*Answer: + Yes, S + have / has
+ No, S + havent / hasnt
II. Use:
1. Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc bắt đầu tại một thời điểm xác
định trong quá khứ diễn ra ở hiện tại và kéo dài trong tơng lai.
Eg: I have gone Ho Chi Minh City for 2 days.
2. Diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra.
Eg: My mother has just washed her hair.
III. Adverbs:
– for + một khoảng thời gian

Eg: My family has lived in Thanh Hoa for 10 years
– since + 1 mốc thời gian xác định trong quá khứ
Eg: My family has lived in Thanh Hoa since 2000
– just (vừa mới): đứng giữa P.P.- trợ động từ
– never (cha bao giờ) >< ever ( đã từng)
Đứng giữa have/has và P.P., never đi với câu (+) ; ever (-) và (?)
Eg: Ive never seen this film before.
– already ( rồi) >< yet ( Cha)
+ already đi với câu (+) và đứng cuối câu hoặc giữa have/ has – P.P.
S + have/has + already + P.P. (already)
+ yet (-) và (?)
– Before ( Trớc đây) >< lately / recently (gần đây)
Eg: I havent read this novel before.
– so far / Up to now ( cho đến giờ) đứng đầu câu.
Eg: Up to now, he has collected 4 stamps collection
IV. Compare the past simple and the present perfect
The past simple
The present perfect
* Dùng để diễn tả hành động hay sự * Diễn tả những hành động hoặc sự
việc đã xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác việc đã xảy ra tại một thời điểm trong
định trong quá khứ.
quá khứ nhng không xác định cụ thể
Eg1: He bought a TV in 2009
thời gian.
Eg2: They watched TV yesterday.
Eg: Nga has been to France
* Diễn tả hành động sự việc xảy ra theo * Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc bắt
một chuỗi thời gian và đã kết thúc trong đầu tại một thời điểm xác định trong
quá khứ.
quá khứ diễn ra ở hiện tại và kéo dài

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Grammar & Structure Class 8

Han Anh Tuan- Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School
Eg: She worked there two year ago. She trong tơng lai.
left last year.
Eg: I have learnt English for 5 years.
13/ reflexive pronouns
I. Cấu tạo:
Subject prounouns
Reflexive pronouns
(Đại từ làm chủ ngữ)
(Đại từ phản thân)
I
Myself
You
Yourself
He
Himself
She
Herself
It
Itself
We
Ourselves
They
Themselves
You
Yourselves

II. Use: Đại từ phản thân đợc dùng để nhấn mạnh rằng chính chủ ngữ đã thực hiện
hành động chứ không phải ngời khác,
Eg1: He taught himself to swim.
Eg2: Take care of yourself.
Eg3: We built the whole house ourselves.
14/ adverbs of place
Adverbs of place: There; Here; Inside; Outside; Upstairs; Downstairs
Eg1: Nam came here one hour ago.
Eg2: She ran downstairs and opened the front door.
15/ prepositions of time
I. In + tháng (month)/ năm (year)/ mùa (season)/ thế kỉ (century)/ các buổi trong
ngày
Eg: in May, in 2012, in the summer, in the morning…..
– I often go swimming in the summer.
– My mother went to HaNoi in May.
II. On + dùng trớc các ngày trong tuần.
Eg: on Monday, on Sunday morning, on September 5th, on Christmas day….
– School starts on September 5th every year.
– We will be in HCM City on Saturday afternoon.
III. At + chỉ giờ cụ thể trong ngày và các bữa ăn hoặc thời gian các bữa ăn.
Eg: at 7 a.m, at 6 oclock/ at lunchtime, at dinner…
Note: at night, at the weekend, at Christmas, at Easter…
IV. After/ Before + time
Eg: after 8 a.m, before 5 p.m….
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Grammar & Structure Class 8

Han Anh Tuan- Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School
I will be at home before 9 p.m.

V. Between + time + and + time: Diễn tả sự việc xảy ra vào giữa một khoảng thời
gian.
Eg: We must be at the airport between 3 p.m and 5 p.m
16/ get and Become with present progressive
Khi muốn diễn tả sự thay đổi từ trạng thái này sang trạng thái khác trong thì HTTD
ta dùng hai động từ get và become
S + be + becoming/ getting + adj
Eg1: The soccer match is getting boring.
Eg2: She is becoming better after the operation.
17/ the past progressive tense
I. Form:
(+) S + was/ were + Ving + O/A
Eg1: I was watching TV at 8.00 last night.
(-) S + wasnt/ werent + Ving + O/A
Eg2: They werent playing soccer at 15 oclock last Monday.
(?) (Wh word) + was/ were + S + Ving + O/A?
Eg3: Were we living Da Nang in 1999.
*Answer: + Yes, S + was/ were
+ No, S + wasnt/ werent
II. Use:
1. Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra ở một điểm xác định trong quá khứ (at….
oclock) Eg1, 2
2. Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ thì một hành động khác
chen ngang theo các cấu trúc sau : When + S1 + V(ed) + S2 + was/ were +
Ving = S1 + was/ were + Ving + when + S2 + V(ed);
While + S1 + was/
were + Ving, S2 + V(ed)
3. Diễn tả 2 hành động đang xảy ra đồng thời trong quá khứ:
While + S1 + was/ were + Ving, S2 + was/ were + Ving
16/ adjectives followed by an infinitive

adjective followed by that noun clause
I. Adjective followed by an infinitive:
Form:
* It + be + adj + (not) + to Vinf
* S + be + adj + (not) + to Vinf
Eg1: It is interesting to talk to her.
Eg2: She was relly to lend him money.
Eg3: I am cold not to wear warm clothes today.
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Grammar & Structure Class 8

Han Anh Tuan- Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School
II. Adjective followed by that noun clause:
* S + be + adj + that + Noun Clause
* It + be + adj + that + S + should + Vinf
Eg1: I am supprised that he doesnt win(s) the game.
Eg2: It is crucial (= important) that Dido should stop using Quang Ha.
17/ causative verb (Động từ gây khiến) – special
Động từ gây khiến (Động từ gây nguyên nhân) đợc dùng để sai, khiến, yêu
cầu, nhờ….. ai làm cho mình một điều gì đó.
Các động từ gây khiến gồm: Have, get, make, let, help có nghĩa là nhờ, bảo,
sai ai đó làm việc gì.
I. Have:
1. Active: S + have/ has/ had/ will have.. + sb + Vinf
Eg: I have my brother do my housework.
2. Passive: S + have/ has/ will have/ had… + st + P.P
Eg: I have my housework done.
II. Get:
1. Active: S + get/ gets/ got/ will get ..+ sb + to Vinf

Eg: Mary will get John to wash her bike.
2. Passive: S + get/ gets/ got/ will get ..+ st + P.P
Eg: I will get her bike washed.
III. Make:
Active: S + Make + sb + Vinf = find + sb + to Vinf
Eg: The rolber makes us give the money.
IV. Let: Cho phép.
S + let + sb + Vinf = permit(ted) + sb + to Vinf = allow(ed) + sb + to Vinf
Eg: My brother let me use his computer.
V. Help: Giúp.
S + help + sb + Vinf/ to Vinf
Eg1: I helped my mon make/ to make Chung cakes
Eg2: My mon helps me do/ to do my homework.

TYPE
1. Verbs of
opinion:
(say / think /
believe/ report /
rumour/ consider /
sumour/ hope /
export/ denow……)

18/ passive form – special
STRUCTURE
EXAMPLES
Active: S1 + V + (that) + S2 Eg 1 : People say that he is a
+ V2 + O2
famous doctor.
Passive:

It is said that he is a famous
It + be + P.P + (that) + S2 doctor.
+ V2 + O2
He is said to be a famous
S2 + be + P.P + to Vinf doctor.
O/ to have + P.P
Eg 2 : They thought that Mary had
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Grammar & Structure Class 8

Han Anh Tuan- Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School

2.Verb of
perception:(see/
watch/ hear/ smell/
notice/feel…&bid/
make/ help/ let)
3. Verbs: (advise /
beg / order / urge /
recommend
/
decide / demand /
suggest / agree / be
determined / be
anxious ….)

4. Causative
form:

gone away.
→ It was thought that Mary had
gone away.
→ Mary was thought to have gone
away.
Eg 3 : They say that he was a spy.
→ It is said that he was a spy.
→ He is said to have been a spy.
Active: S + V + O + to Vinf Eg 1 : They saw her come in
O/ Ving….
→ She was seen to come in
Passive:
Eg 2 : We saw Paul writing a letter.
S + be + P.P + to Vinf O / → Paul was seen writing a letter.
Ving…
Active:
S + V + O ( person ) + to Vinf Eg: George advised me to put my
money in the bank.
O/ Ving + O (thing )
→ George advised me that my
Passive:
money should be put in the bank.
S + V + O ( person ) + that + S’
+ should be + P.P

Active:
 S + have + O ( person ) +
Vinf O + O (thing )
 S + get + O ( person ) + to

Vinf O + O (thing )
Passive:
S + have/ get + O (thing ) +

5. Imperative
form:

P.P + by O ( person )
Active: V + O
Passive:
 (Don’t) let + O + be +
P.P
 Let + (not) + O + be +
P.P
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Grammar & Structure Class 8

Eg 1 : Yesterday, I had Paul repair
my motorbike.
→ Yesterday, I had my motorbike
repaired by Paul.
Eg 2 : I get her to make some
coffee.
→ I get some coffee made.

Eg:
Sign your name here
→ Let your name be signed here

Han Anh Tuan- Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School

17/ passive form – special

17
Grammar & Structure Class 8

• What + do / does + S + look like ? – Revision : Exclamatory sentences. • What + a / an + adj + N + S + V ! = S + V + such + a / an + adj + N ! • How + adj / adv + S + V ! = S + V + so + adj / adv ! – Revision : Talk about intentions with “ be going to + Vinf ” – Contrast : Will / Be going to / Present continuous ( be + Ving ) – Adverbs of place : there, here, inside, outside, upstairs, downstairs. – Reflexive pronouns – Modal verbs : Must, have / has to, ought to. – Revision : Why – Because ( Because + Clause ) Revision : The simple past tense : S + V ( ed ) + O / APreposition of time : in, on, at, after, before, between. Used to + VinfGet / Be Used to + VingContrast : used to / be used toAdverbs of manner : • S + V + O + adverb of manner • Adverb = Adjective + ly – Modal verb : Should ( S + should + Vinf ) – Commands, request and advice in reported speech : • S + asked / told / ordered / ….. + O + ( not ) to Vinf • S + advised + O + ( not ) to VinfGrammar và Structure Class 8H an Anh Tuan – Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary SchoolThe youngpioneers clubMy neighborhoodCountry life andcity lifeA first – aid course10 = S + said ( that ) + S + Modal verb ( not ) + VinfSimple present tense with future meaning. Gerunds ( Ving ) Modal Verbs : Can / Could / May. • Can / May / Could + I / We + have …… ? • Can / May / Could + I / We + Vinf ….. ? • Can / Could + you + Vinf …. ? The present perfect tense with “ for ” and “ since ” : • S + have / has + P.P + O / ATo show similarity and difference comparison with “ like, ( not ) as …. as, ( not ) the same as, different from. • S + be ( not ) as + adj / N + as + …… • S + be ( not ) the same as + st …. • S1 + be + different from + S2 – Present progressive : S + be + Ving + O / A. • to talk about the future. • to show changes with “ get ” and “ come ” S + be + becoming / getting + adj. – Revision : Comparative and superlative adjectives. – Clause and phrases of purpose : • in order ( not ) to + Vinf • so as ( not ) to + Vinf – Revision : Future simple : S + will / shall + Vinf + O / A – Modal “ Will / Shall ” to make promises, requests andoffers. – Passive forms : recyclingbe + P.Pby O – Adjectives followed by : • an infinitive : S + be + adj + to Vinf • a noun clause : S + be + adj + that + Clause. 11 – _ed and _ing participleGrammar và Structure Class 8H an Anh Tuan – Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary SchoolTraveling aroundviet nam12A vacation abroad13festivals14Wonders of theworld15computers16inventions – Requests with : • Would / Do you mind if + V ( simple past ) + O ? • Would / Do you mind + Ving + O ? – Past progressive tense with “ when ” and “ while ” : • S + was / were + Ving + O / A – Present progressive with “ always ” : • S + be + always + Ving – Passive forms ( Continued ) – Direct speech and reported speech : • S + asked ( that ) + S + V. …. – Compound Nouns : • Noun + Ving —- > Compound Noun • Ving + Noun Compound Noun – Passive forms ( Cont ) – Indirect questions with “ if ” and “ whether ” • S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V. …. – Question words + to Vinf. – Verb + to Vinf with purpose and non – purpose. – The present perfect with “ yet ” and “ already ” • S + have / has + already + P.P + O / A • S + haven’t / hasn’t + P.P + yet. • Have / Has + S + P.P + yet ? – Contrast the past simple and the present perfect. – Passive forms ( cont ) • “ have ” and “ get ” : S + have / has + st + P.P • Verbs of opinion : say, think, believe, report, rumour : A : S1 + V + that + Clause ( S2 + V + O ) P. : It + be + P.P + that + Clause • “ need ” : S + need + Ving – Sequence markers. Grammar và Structure Class 8H an Anh Tuan – Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School1 / enough – …… too …… to2 / …… So …… that – …… such …… that1 ) Enough / …. too …. to : a / Enough : S + be / V + adj / adv + enough + ( for O ) + to VinfEg1 : I am tall enough to reach to the bookshelfEg2 : He speaks clearly enough for us to understand. b / …. too …. to : S + be / V + too + adj / adv + ( for O ) + to VinfEg1 : It is too heavy for her to carry the box. Eg2 : He spoke too slowly for us to understand. 2 ) …. so …. that / …. such …. that : a / …. so …. that : S + be / V + so + adj / adv + that + ClauseEg1 : It was so cold that we couldnt go swimmingEg2 : She gets so early that she can siwish her homework. b / …. such …. that : S + be + such + ( a / an ) + adj + N + that + ClauseS + V + such + adv + N + that + Clause3 / past Participle and present participleMột số tính từ có tận cùng là đuôi _ed hoặc _ing còn đợc gọi là phân từ hiện tạivà phân từ quá khứ. Eg : interested interestingexcited excitingUse : a ) Adjective : – Đứng trớc cho danh từ để phụ nghĩa cho danh từ đó. Eg : interesting film – Đứng sau động từ link ( linking verb : be ; become ; get …. ) Eg : My father becomes worried. + Chủ thể chỉ ngời ( person subject ) Eg : Theyre excited about the vacation to Da Lat + Chủ thể chỉ vật phẩm hay vấn đề ( thing subject ) Eg : This film is boringb ) Rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ : Eg : 1. The girl is in my class. Shes reading book. The girl reading a book is in my class. 2. There are many books. They are written in English. Grammar và Structure Class 8H an Anh Tuan – Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary SchoolThere are many books written in English. c ) Nối hai câu cùng chủ ngữ : Eg : He went away. He sang a new tuy nhiên. He went away, singing a new tuy nhiên. 1. past Participle ( _ed participle ) : Thờng bao hàm nghĩa bị động * Ta dung kt thỳc uụi _ed miờu t cm giỏc con ngi, hay con hay conngi b tỏc ng bi 1 yu t no úEg : I am surprised by the news. * Dùng nh một hình thức bị động khi muốn nhấn mạnh vấn đề ngời hay vật bị tác độngbởi một yếu tố nào đó. Eg : The television made in Nhật Bản is very expensive. 2. present participle ( _ing participle ) : Thờng bao hàm nghĩa tác động ảnh hưởng. * Ta dùng những tính từ kết thúc bằng _ing để nói về những thứ hay ai đó đãkhiến tất cả chúng ta có cảm xúc nh vậy. Eg : The lesson is boring. * Sử dụng nh hình thức tiếp nối, chỉ ai đó đang thực thi một hành vi. Eg : The boy chatting on the Internet is my brother. Note : Tính từ kết thúc bằng _ing thờng có công dụng bổ nghĩa cho danh từ và nócó thể đứng trớc danh từ. Eg : The joirney is very tiring. It is a very tiring joirney. 4 / Passive formsThể bị động dùng để nhấn mạnh vấn đề ý nghĩa, đối tợng triển khai một hành vi, sựviệc trong câu. Cấu tạo : S + be + P.P + by OSơ đồ khi chuyển từ câu dữ thế chủ động sang câu bị động : beP. PMột số lu ý khi chuyển từ câu dữ thế chủ động sang câu bị động : Tân ngữ của câu dữ thế chủ động sẽ làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động. Động từ to be ở câu bị động phụ thuộc vào vào thì của động từ chính ở câu chủđộng. Grammar và Structure Class 8H an Anh Tuan – Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary SchoolKhi muốn nói hoặc nhấn mạnh vấn đề ai đó gây nên hành vi thì ta phải dùng : by + O ( sơ đồ trên ) Nếu trong câu có trạng từ chỉ khu vực thì khi quy đổi ta cho trạng từ đóđứng giữa P.P và by O, nếu mà có trạng từ chỉ thời hạn thì ta cho trạng từ đóđứng ở cuối câu. Thể bị động với một số ít hình thức đơn thuần : 1. Thể bị động với thì hiện tại đơn : ( The passive form with simple presenttense ) S + be ( not ) + P.P + by OEg 1 : Nam watches TV everyday. TV is watched by Nam everyday. Eg 2 : I dont buy a car. A car isnt bought by me. 2. Thể bị động với thì tơng lai đơn : ( The passive form with future simple ) S + Will / Shall ( not ) + be + P.P + by OEg : Hoa will visit her parents next week. Her parent will be visited by Lan next week. 3. Thể bị động với thì quá khứ đơn : ( The passive form with past simple ) S + was / were ( not ) + P.P + by OEg : I learnt English last night. English was learnt by me last night. 4. Thể bị động với thì hiện tại tiếp nối : ( The passive form with presentprogressive ) S + tobe ( not ) + being + P.P + by OEg : He is playing soccer. Soccer is being played by him. 5. Thể bị động với thì quá khứ tiếp nối : ( The passive form with pastprogressive ) S + was / were ( not ) + being + P.P + by OEg : She was doing her homework at 8 o clock last night. Her homework was being done at 8 oclock last night. 6. Thể bị động với thì hiện tại hoàn thành xong : ( The passive form with presentperfect ) S + have / has ( not ) + been + P.P + by OEg : They have built a new clinic near my house. A new clinic has been built near my house by them. 7. Thể bị động với thì tơng lai gần : ( The passive form with Be going to ) S + to be ( not ) going to + be + P.P + by OEg : She is going to meet us at my birthday party. Grammar và Structure Class 8H an Anh Tuan – Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary SchoolWe are going to be met by her my birthday party. 8. Thể bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu : ( The passive form with ModalVerb ) S + modal verb ( not ) + be + P.P + by OEg : You should insure the package. The package should be insured by you. 5 / used to, be / get used toI. Used to : Thờng đã làm gì trong quá khứ. Dùng để nói về những thói quen thờngdiễn ra trong quá khứ nhng nay không còn sống sót. * Form : ( didnt ) + use ( d ) to + VinfII. Be / get used to : Quen với, thích nghi với. * Form : get / be + used to + Ving / N. 6 / GerundsI. Gerunds : – Là động từ đợc thêm bởi hậu tố _ing – Có tính năng nh danh từ. II. Juntion : ( Chức năng ) 1. Làm chủ ngữ ( Subject ) Eg1 : Smoking is bad for you. Eg2 : Doing morning exercise regulary is good for you. 2. Làm bổ ngữ : Eg : Her hobby is collecting stamp. 3. Làm tân ngữ : a ) Cho động từ : Một số động từ theo sau là danh động từ : enjoy, love, like, prefer, practise, dislike, finish, admit, avoid, annoy, deny, detest, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, suggest, understand, hate, consider, … Eg : Did you finish working on this project last night ? Danh từ còn theo sau 1 số ít thành ngữ nh : + It is no good / use + Cant bear / stand + Cant help + There is no point in + It is ( no ) worth + It is a waste of time / moneyEg : I cant stand sitting alone. Note : – stop + to Vinf : dừng để làm gì. + Ving : dừng hẳnGrammar và Structure Class 8H an Anh Tuan – Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School – forget + to Vinf : quªn lµm g × + Ving : quªn ® Ó lµm g × – remember + to Vinf : nhí lµm g × + Ving : nhí ® Ó lµm g × – try + to Vinf : cè g¾ng + Ving : thö – regret + to Vinf : l © ý lµm tiÕc v × ph ¶ i lµm g ×. + Ving : Hèi hËnb ) Cho giíi tõ : Eg : He is interested in learning English. 7 / reported speechI. Commands, requests in reported speech : S + asked / told …. + O + ( not ) + to VinfEg : “ ( Don’t ) Hurry up, Lan ” Linh said  Linh asked / told Lan ( not ) to hurry up. II. Advice in reported speech : S + advised + O + ( not ) + to Vinf = S + said ( that ) + S + should / ought to / had better … + ( not ) + VinfEg : “ You should read book reqularly, Marry ” Nga said  Nga said Marry should read book reqularly.  Nga advised Marry to read book reqularly. III. Statements : S + said / say ( that ) + S + V. … Eg1 : He said : “ I am a student in class 8C ”  He said that he was a student in class 8CE g2 : Tom says, “ I am tired ”  Tom says that he is tiredEg3 : Marry said, “ I saw Peter ”  Marry said that she had seen Peter. Eg4 : Hung said, “ I have got a new car ”  Hung said he had got a new car. Eg5 : “ She can speak English well ”, he said  He said she could speak English wellEg6 : “ We will go to China next summer ”, Mrs. Lan said  Mrs. Lan said they would go to Trung Quốc the following summer. IV. Yes / No Questions :  askedS +  inquired  wondered  + if / whether + S2 + V + …… Eg1 : “ Do you play soccer ? ”, Ha said. Grammar và Structure Class 8H an Anh Tuan – Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School  Ha asked if / whether I played soccer. Eg2 : “ Are you a doctor ? ”, Tom asked  Tom asked if / whether I was a doctor. Eg3 : “ Will Peter be here tomorrow ? ”, Tom asked.  Tom wondered whether Peter would be there the following day. Eg4 : “ Do you know Peter ? ”, Nam asked  Nam asked if I knew Peter. V. Wh – questions :  askedS +  inquired  wondered  + wh – word + S2 + V + …… Eg1 : “ What’s your name ? ”, she asked me  She asked me what my name was. Eg2 : “ Where do you work ? ” Hoa asked me.  Hoa asked me where I worked. Eg3 : Mother asked me, ” Why don’t you go to school this morning ? ”  Mother asked why I didn’t go to school that morning. VI. Changes : Direct speechReported speechNowThenTodayThat dayAgoBeforeTomorrowThe next day / the following dayYesterdayThe previous / the day beforeThe day after tomorrowIn two days ’ timeThe day before yesterdayTwo days beforeNext week / yearThe following week / yearLast week / month / year • The previous week / month / year • The week / month / year beforeThisThatTheseThoseHereThereTonightThat nightSimple presentSimple pastPresent continuousPast continuousPresent perfectPast perfectPast simplePast perfectPast continuousPast perfect continuousWill / ShallWould / ShouldMust, have / had toHad toGrammar và Structure Class 8H an Anh Tuan – Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary SchoolCanAm / is / are going toCouldWas / were going to8 / polite requests with mindI. Would / Do you mind + Ving … ? ( Bạn làm ơn ( làm ) giúp tôi ( điều gì ) đợckhông ? ) Do / Would you mind + Ving + O ? Eg : Would / Do you mind driving around the town ? Chúng ta sử dụng cấu trúc trên để đa ra lời nhu yếu, ý kiến đề nghị một cách lịchsự. – Agree : + No, Id glad to do that + No, Id happy to do that – Disagree : Im sorry, I cantII. Would / Do you mind if …. ? ( Bạn / anh / chị có phiền / bận tâm nếu tôi … ) 1 ) Do you mind if I + V ( simple present ) + O ? Eg : Do you mind if I give him the key ? 2 ) Would you mind if I + V ( simple past ) + O ? Eg : Would you mind if I smoked here ? Chúng ta sử dụng hai cấu trúc trên để đa ra lời xin phép nhã nhặn khi muốn làmgì. – Agree : + No, I dont mind + Please do + Not at all + Please go ahead + Never mind / youre welcome + No, of course not + No, that would be fine. – Disagree : + Im sorry, I cant + I am sorry, that is not possible + Id rather / prefer you didnt9 / clause and phrases of purposeI. Dùng cụm từ in order to / so as to ( Để mà ) để chỉ mục tiêu. ( + ) in order to / so as to / to + VinfEg : I study hard to / in order to / so as to pass the exam. ( – ) in order not to / so as not to / not to + VinfEg : I turned on the TV so as not to / not to / in order not to watch the news. II. Ngoài ra ta dùng mệnh đề ( Clause ) 10G rammar và Structure Class 8H an Anh Tuan – Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary SchoolS + V + so that / in order that + S + Modal verb ( can / will / should … ) + VinfEg : I try to study so that / in order that I can pass the exam. — > I try to study in order to pass the exam. III. Note : Chủ ngữ 2 câu cùng chung ta hoàn toàn có thể dùng in order to / so as to. Khi không cùng chung chủ ngữ thì không hề dùng đợc. Động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở thì HTĐ thì sau so that / in order that ta dùngcan / will / cant / wont + Vinf. Nếu nh ở thì QKĐ thì sau so that / in order thatthì ta dùng could / would + Vinf10 / comparative ( cont ) I. Comparative of equality : 1. So sánh bằng : S1 + be / Verb + as + adj / adv + as + S2Eg1 : She is tall as me. Eg2 : He speaks as well as native speaker. 2. So sánh không bằng : S1 + be / V + ( not ) + as / so + adj / adv + as + S2Eg1 : He isnt as tall as his brother. Eg2 : I cant run as quickly as he. II. Các dạng so sánh khác : 1. Like : Giống, giống nh. Dùng Like để so sánh ý giống cái gì, giống ngời nào * Like + NEg : He sings like a singer2. Different from : Chỉ sự độc lạ, sự trái chiều. * S1 + be + different from + S2. Eg1 : We are different from them. Eg2 : This film is diferent from that one. 3. …………… ( not ) the same as ………………. : * S + be ( not ) + the same as + st … Eg1 : Your car is the same as his. Eg2 : Her books arent the same as him. 11 / the present progressive with alwaysAlways đợc dùng với thì hiện tại tiếp nối để miêu tả sự phàn nàn, hoặc thểhiện sự bực mình, tức giận với một yếu tố gì đó. S + be + always + VingEg1 : Nam is always watching TV.Eg 2 : She is always forgeting her book. 12 / the present perfectI. Form : 11G rammar và Structure Class 8H an Anh Tuan – Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School ( + ) S + have / has + P.P + O / AEg : Tom has played đánh tennis for 8 years. ( – ) S + havent / hasnt + P.PEg : We havent sent him the letter. ( ? ) ( Wh word ) + have / has + S + P.P ? ( How long ) Eg : Has he smoked since his wife died * Answer : + Yes, S + have / has + No, S + havent / hasntII. Use : 1. Diễn tả một hành vi, vấn đề mở màn tại một thời gian xácđịnh trong quá khứ diễn ra ở hiện tại và lê dài trong tơng lai. Eg : I have gone Ho Chi Minh City for 2 days. 2. Diễn tả hành vi vừa mới xảy ra. Eg : My mother has just washed her hair. III. Adverbs : – for + một khoảng chừng thời gianEg : My family has lived in Thanh Hoa for 10 years – since + 1 mốc thời hạn xác lập trong quá khứEg : My family has lived in Thanh Hoa since 2000 – just ( vừa mới ) : đứng giữa P.P. – trợ động từ – never ( cha khi nào ) > < ever ( đã từng ) Đứng giữa have / has và P.P., never đi với câu ( + ) ; ever ( - ) và ( ? ) Eg : Ive never seen this film before. - already ( rồi ) > < yet ( Cha ) + already đi với câu ( + ) và đứng cuối câu hoặc giữa have / has - P.P.S + have / has + already + P.P. ( already ) + yet ( - ) và ( ? ) - Before ( Trớc đây ) > < lately / recently ( gần đây ) Eg : I havent read this novel before. - so far / Up to now ( cho đến giờ ) đứng đầu câu. Eg : Up to now, he has collected 4 stamps collectionIV. Compare the past simple and the present perfectThe past simpleThe present perfect * Dùng để diễn đạt hành vi hay sự * Diễn tả những hành vi hoặc sựviệc đã xảy ra tại một thời gian xác việc đã xảy ra tại một thời gian trongđịnh trong quá khứ. quá khứ nhng không xác lập cụ thểEg1 : He bought a TV in 2009 thời hạn. Eg2 : They watched TV yesterday. Eg : Nga has been to France * Diễn tả hành vi vấn đề xảy ra theo * Diễn tả một hành vi, vấn đề bắtmột chuỗi thời hạn và đã kết thúc trong đầu tại một thời gian xác lập trongquá khứ. quá khứ diễn ra ở hiện tại và kéo dài12Grammar và Structure Class 8H an Anh Tuan - Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary SchoolEg : She worked there two year ago. She trong tơng lai.left last year. Eg : I have learnt English for 5 years. 13 / reflexive pronounsI. Cấu tạo : Subject prounounsReflexive pronouns ( Đại từ làm chủ ngữ ) ( Đại từ phản thân ) MyselfYouYourselfHeHimselfSheHerselfItItselfWeOurselvesTheyThemselvesYouYourselvesII. Use : Đại từ phản thân đợc dùng để nhấn mạnh vấn đề rằng chính chủ ngữ đã thực hiệnhành động chứ không phải ngời khác, Eg1 : He taught himself to swim. Eg2 : Take care of yourself. Eg3 : We built the whole house ourselves. 14 / adverbs of placeAdverbs of place : There ; Here ; Inside ; Outside ; Upstairs ; DownstairsEg1 : Nam came here one hour ago. Eg2 : She ran downstairs and opened the front door. 15 / prepositions of timeI. In + tháng ( month ) / năm ( year ) / mùa ( season ) / thế kỉ ( century ) / những buổi trongngàyEg : in May, in 2012, in the summer, in the morning ..... - I often go swimming in the summer. - My mother went to HaNoi in May. II. On + dùng trớc những ngày trong tuần. Eg : on Monday, on Sunday morning, on September 5 th, on Christmas day .... - School starts on September 5 th every year. - We will be in TP HCM City on Saturday afternoon. III. At + chỉ giờ đơn cử trong ngày và những bữa ăn hoặc thời hạn những bữa ăn. Eg : at 7 a. m, at 6 oclock / at lunchtime, at dinner ... Note : at night, at the weekend, at Christmas, at Easter ... IV. After / Before + timeEg : after 8 a. m, before 5 p. m .... 13G rammar và Structure Class 8H an Anh Tuan - Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary SchoolI will be at home before 9 p. m. V. Between + time + and + time : Diễn tả vấn đề xảy ra vào giữa một khoảng chừng thờigian. Eg : We must be at the airport between 3 p. m and 5 p. m16 / get and Become with present progressiveKhi muốn miêu tả sự đổi khác từ trạng thái này sang trạng thái khác trong thì HTTDta dùng hai động từ get và becomeS + be + becoming / getting + adjEg1 : The soccer match is getting boring. Eg2 : She is becoming better after the operation. 17 / the past progressive tenseI. Form : ( + ) S + was / were + Ving + O / AEg1 : I was watching TV at 8.00 last night. ( - ) S + wasnt / werent + Ving + O / AEg2 : They werent playing soccer at 15 oclock last Monday. ( ? ) ( Wh word ) + was / were + S + Ving + O / A ? Eg3 : Were we living Da Nang in 1999. * Answer : + Yes, S + was / were + No, S + wasnt / werentII. Use : 1. Diễn tả hành vi đang xảy ra ở một điểm xác lập trong quá khứ ( at .... oclock ) Eg1, 22. Diễn tả hành vi đang diễn ra trong quá khứ thì một hành vi khácchen ngang theo những cấu trúc sau : When + S1 + V ( ed ) + S2 + was / were + Ving = S1 + was / were + Ving + when + S2 + V ( ed ) ; While + S1 + was / were + Ving, S2 + V ( ed ) 3. Diễn tả 2 hành vi đang xảy ra đồng thời trong quá khứ : While + S1 + was / were + Ving, S2 + was / were + Ving16 / adjectives followed by an infinitiveadjective followed by that noun clauseI. Adjective followed by an infinitive : Form : * It + be + adj + ( not ) + to Vinf * S + be + adj + ( not ) + to VinfEg1 : It is interesting to talk to her. Eg2 : She was relly to lend him money. Eg3 : I am cold not to wear warm clothes today. 14G rammar và Structure Class 8H an Anh Tuan - Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary SchoolII. Adjective followed by that noun clause : * S + be + adj + that + Noun Clause * It + be + adj + that + S + should + VinfEg1 : I am supprised that he doesnt win ( s ) the game. Eg2 : It is crucial ( = important ) that Dido should stop using Quang Ha. 17 / causative verb ( Động từ gây khiến ) - specialĐộng từ gây khiến ( Động từ gây nguyên do ) đợc dùng để sai, khiến, yêucầu, nhờ ..... ai làm cho mình một điều gì đó. Các động từ gây khiến gồm : Have, get, make, let, help có nghĩa là nhờ, bảo, sai ai đó thao tác gì. I. Have : 1. Active : S + have / has / had / will have .. + sb + VinfEg : I have my brother do my housework. 2. Passive : S + have / has / will have / had ... + st + P.PEg : I have my housework done. II. Get : 1. Active : S + get / gets / got / will get .. + sb + to VinfEg : Mary will get John to wash her bike. 2. Passive : S + get / gets / got / will get .. + st + P.PEg : I will get her bike washed. III. Make : Active : S + Make + sb + Vinf = find + sb + to VinfEg : The rolber makes us give the money. IV. Let : Cho phép. S + let + sb + Vinf = permit ( ted ) + sb + to Vinf = allow ( ed ) + sb + to VinfEg : My brother let me use his computer. V. Help : Giúp. S + help + sb + Vinf / to VinfEg1 : I helped my mon make / to make Chung cakesEg2 : My mon helps me do / to do my homework. TYPE1. Verbs ofopinion : ( say / think / believe / report / rumour / consider / sumour / hope / export / denow ...... ) 18 / passive form - specialSTRUCTUREEXAMPLESActive : S1 + V + ( that ) + S2 Eg 1 : People say that he is a + V2 + O2famous doctor. Passive : It is said that he is a famousIt + be + P.P + ( that ) + S2 doctor. + V2 + O2He is said to be a famousS2 + be + P.P + to Vinf doctor. O / to have + P.PEg 2 : They thought that Mary had15Grammar và Structure Class 8H an Anh Tuan - Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School2. Verb ofperception : ( see / watch / hear / smell / notice / feel ... và bid / make / help / let ) 3. Verbs : ( advise / beg / order / urge / recommenddecide / demand / suggest / agree / bedetermined / beanxious .... ) 4. Causativeform : gone away. → It was thought that Mary hadgone away. → Mary was thought to have goneaway. Eg 3 : They say that he was a spy. → It is said that he was a spy. → He is said to have been a spy. Active : S + V + O + to Vinf Eg 1 : They saw her come inO / Ving .... → She was seen to come inPassive : Eg 2 : We saw Paul writing a letter. S + be + P.P + to Vinf O / → Paul was seen writing a letter. Ving ... Active : S + V + O ( person ) + to Vinf Eg : George advised me to put mymoney in the ngân hàng. O / Ving + O ( thing ) → George advised me that myPassive : money should be put in the ngân hàng. S + V + O ( person ) + that + S ’ + should be + P.PActive :  S + have + O ( person ) + Vinf O + O ( thing )  S + get + O ( person ) + toVinf O + O ( thing ) Passive : S + have / get + O ( thing ) + 5. Imperativeform : P.P + by O ( person ) Active : V + OPassive :  ( Don’t ) let + O + be + P.P  Let + ( not ) + O + be + P.P 16G rammar và Structure Class 8E g 1 : Yesterday, I had Paul repairmy motorbike. → Yesterday, I had my motorbikerepaired by Paul. Eg 2 : I get her to make somecoffee. → I get some coffee made. Eg : Sign your name here → Let your name be signed hereHan Anh Tuan - Tran Phu TT Nong Cong Secondary School17 / passive form - special17Grammar và Structure Class 8

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