Pope Pius XII - Wikipedia - Chia Sẻ Kiến Thức Điện Máy Việt Nam

^Encyclopedia of Catholicism by Frank K. Flinn, J. Gordon Melton; ISBN by Frank K. Flinn, J. Gordon Melton ; 0-8160 – 5455 – X, p. 267
^Gerard Noel, Pius XII : The Hound of Hitler, p. 5
^Paul O’Shea, A Cross Too Heavy, 2011, p. 79
a b
Noel, p. 9

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a bMarchione, 2000, p. 193
a bMarchione, 2004, p. 9
a b cMarchione, 2004, p. 10
^
Cornwell, Hitler’s Pope, p. 42
^Lehnert ( năm trước ), pages 5 – 6 .
^Lehnert ( năm trước ), pages 7 – 8 .
^Lehnert ( năm trước ), page 8 .
a b
The Pius War: Responses to the Critics of Pius XII, David G. Dalin, Joseph Bottum, Lexington Books, 2010, p. 17
^Controversial Concordats: The Vatican’s Relations with Napoleon, Mussolini, and Hitler, Ed Frank J. Coppa, Catholic University of America Press, P. 173, ISBN 081320920X, Ed Frank J. Coppa, Catholic University of America Press, P. 173 ,
^The Encyclopedia of Christianity; ISBN 0-8028-2416-1Fahlbusch, Erwin ( ed. ). Bromiley, Geoffrey W. ( trans. ) ( 2005 ) .
^
Cornwell, p. 128. Pacelli, quoted in Scholder’s The Churches and the Third Reich, p. 157
^A dictionary of Jewish-Christian relations, Edward Kessler, Neil Wenborn, p. 86, Cambridge University Press, 2005; ISBN 0-521-82692-6, Edward Kessler, Neil Wenborn, p. 86, Cambridge University Press, 2005 ;
^
Bussmann, Walter (1969). “Pius XII an die deutschen Bischöfe”. Hochland. 61: 61–65.
a b cGutman, Israel, Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, p. 1136
^On 28 January 1939, eleven days before the death of Pius XI, a disappointed Gundlach informed LaFarge, the encyclical’s author, ” It cannot go on like this “. The text had not been forwarded to the Vatican. He had talked to the American assistant to Father General, who promised to look into the matter in December 1938, but did not report back. Passelecq, Suchecky. p. 121
^Humani generis unitas
^On 16 March four days after coronation, Gundlach informed LaFarge that the documents had been given to Pius XI shortly before his death, but that the new Pope had so far had no opportunity to learn about it. Passelecq, Suchecky. p. 126
^Encyclical of Pope Pius on the unity of human society to our venerable brethren : The Patriarchs, Primates, Archbishops, Bishops, and other ordinaries in peace and the communion with the Apostolic see ( AAS 1939 ) .
^
Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli. Discorsi E Panegirici 1931–1938; Tipografia Poliglotta Vaticana, 1939
^
Ludwig Volk, Die Kirche in den deutschsprachigen Ländern in: Handbuch der Kirchengeschichte, Band VII, p. 539
^ISBN 0-8156-3029-8Donald J. Dietrich, p. 92, Syracuse University Press, 2003 ;
^
They included: Latvia 1922, Bavaria 1925, Poland 1925, France I., 1926, France II. 1926, Lithuania 1927, Czechoslovakia 1928, Portugal I 1928, Italy I 1929, Italy II 1929, Portugal II 1929, Romania I 1927, Prussia 1929, Romania II 1932, Baden 1932, Germany 1933, Austria 1933. See P. Joanne M.Restrepo Restrepo SJ. Concordata Regnante Sanctissimo Domino Pio PP.XI. Inita Pontificia Universita Gregoriana, Roma, 1934.
^
Ludwig Volk, “Die Kirche in den deutschsprachigen Ländern” in: Handbuch der Kirchengeschichte, Band VII, pp. 546–547
^
Ludwig Volk Das Reichskonkordat vom 20. Juli 1933, pp. 34f, 45–58
^
Klaus Scholder The Churches and the Third Reich volume 1: especially Part 1, chapter 10; part 2, chapter 2
^
Krieg, Robert A., Catholic Theologians in Nazi Germany, p. 112
^
Pham, p. 45, quote: “When Pius XI was complimented on the publication, in 1937, of his encyclical denouncing Nazism, Mit brennender Sorge, his response was to point to his Secretary of State and say bluntly, ‘The credit is his.'”
^
Bokenkotter, pp. 389–92, quote “And when Hitler showed increasing belligerance toward the Church, Pius met the challenge with a decisiveness that astonished the world. His encyclical Mit brennender Sorge was the ‘first great official public document to dare to confront and criticize Nazism’ and ‘one of the greatest such condemnations ever issued by the Vatican’. Smuggled into Germany, it was read from all the Catholic pulpits on Palm Sunday in March 1937. It exposed the fallacy and denounced the Nazi myth of blood and soil; it decried its neopaganism, its war of annihilation against the Church, and even described the Führer himself as a ‘mad prophet possessed of repulsive arrogance’. The Nazis were infuriated, and in retaliation closed and sealed all the presses that had printed it and took numerous vindictive measures against the Church, including staging a long series of immorality trials of the Catholic clergy.”
^74. A l’Eveque de Passau, in ” Lettres de Pie XII aux Eveques Allemands 1939 – 1944, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1967, p. 416
^Tardini, Pio XII roma 1960
^Pius XII und Deutschland; ISBN 3-525-34026-5.Michael F. Feldkamp .
^Pius XII, quoted in Joseph Brosch, Pius XII, Lehrer der Wahrheit, Kreuzring, Trier, 1968, p. 45
^” Medius vestrum stetit quem vos nescetis. Everybody knew what the pope meant “. Domenico Cardinale Tardini, Pio XII, Tipografia Poliglotta Vaticana, 1960, p. 105
^
Lehnert, Pascalina. Ich durfte Ihm Dienen, Erinnerungen an Papst Pius XII. Naumann, Würzburg, 1986, p. 57
^
Lehnert, Pascalina. Ich durfte Ihm Dienen, Erinnerungen an Papst Pius XII. Naumann, Würzburg, 1986, p. 49
^Congregation of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs and Congregation of Ordinary Affairs
^
Pio XII, La Allocuzione nel consistorio Segreto del 12 Gennaio 1953 in Pio XII, Discorsi e Radiomessagi di Sua Santita Vatican City, 1953, p. 455
^Domenico Cardinale Tardini, Pio XII, Tipografia Poliglotta Vaticana, 1960, p. 157
^ISBN Giulio Nicolini, Il Cardinale Domenico Tardini, Padova, 1980 ; 88-7026-340 – 1 ; p. 313
^In the Secretariat of State he had actively supported ” foreigners “, for example Francis Spellman, the American monsignor, whom he consecrated himself as the first American Bishop in the Vatican curia. Spellman had organized and accompanied Pacelli’s American journey and arranged a meeting with President Roosevelt. Only 30 days after his coronation, on 12 April 1939, Pope Pius XII named Spellman as archbishop of Thành Phố New York
^
Gannon, Robert I. The Cardinal Spellman Story, Doubleday Company, New York, 1962
^
Oscar Halecki, James Murray, Jr. Pius XII, Eugenio Pacelli, Pope of Peace; p. 370
^
Oscar Halecki, James Murray, Jr. Pius XII, Eugenio Pacelli, Pope of Peace, p. 371
^Pio XII, La Allocuzione nel concistorio Segreto del 12 Gennaio 1953 in Pio XII, Discorsi e Radiomessaggi di Sua Santità, Vatican City, 1953, p. 455
^Tardini later thanked him for not appointing him. The Pope replied with a smile. ” Monsignore mio, you thank me, for not letting me do what I wanted to do “. I replied ” Yes Holy Father, I thank you for everything you have done for me, but even more, what you have not done for me “. The Pope smiled. In Domenico Cardinale Tardini, Pio XII, Tipografia Poliglotta Vaticana, 1960 157
^Selecting the Pope: Uncovering the Mysteries of Papal Elections. Barnes & Noble Publishing; ISBN Tobin, Greg. ( 2003 ) .. Barnes và Noble Publishing ; 0-7607 – 4032 – 1. pp. xv – xvi, 143 .
^For example, Padellaro : ” Church history will memorize with special letters the secret conclave of 1946, and the cosmopolitan Pius XII, who called men of all races into the Senate of the Church “, Nazareno Padellaro, Pio XII Torino, 1956, p. 484
^
AAS, 1947, Mediator Dei, p. 18
^
AAS, 1947, Mediator Dei, p. 19
^
AAS, 1947, Mediator Dei, p. 31
^AAS, 1956, p. 354 ff
^AAS 1954 p. 313
^AAS 1957, p. 272
^
Pius XII, Enc. Humani generis, p. 21
^
Humani generis, p. 21
^AAS 1953, p. 577
^AAS 1954, p. 625
^
Pius XII, Enc. Mystici corporis Christi, p. 110
^
Pio XII, Discorsi Ai Medici compiles 700 pages of specific addresses.
^Moral Questions Affecting Married Life: Addresses given to the Italian Catholic Union of Midwives 29 October 1951, and 26 November 1951 to the National Congress of the Family Front and the Association of Large Families, National Catholic Welfare Conference, Washington, D.C.. Text of the speeches available from Two speeches on 29 October 1951, and 26 November 1951 :: Addresses given to the Italian Catholic Union of Midwives 29 October 1951, and 26 November 1951 to the National Congress of the Family Front and the Association of Large Families, National Catholic Welfare Conference, Washington, D.C.. Text of the speeches available from EWTN or CatholicCulture. org
^Discorsi E Radiomessaggi di sua Santita Pio XII, Vatican City, 1940, p. 407 ; Discorsi E Radiomessaggi di sua Santita Pio XII, Vatican City, 1942, p. 52 ; Discorsi E Radiomessaggi di sua Santita Pio XII, Vatican City, 1946, p. 89 Discorsi E Radiomessaggi di sua Santita Pio XII, Vatican City, 1951, pp. 28, 221, 413, 574
^
Pius XII, Enc. Humani generis, 36
^
White, Steven F. (2020). Modern Italy’s Founding Fathers: The Making of a Postwar Republic. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 108–109.
^
Giuseppe Mammarealla Italy After Fascism A Political History 1943–1965, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1966 p. 114
^This Saint’s for You by Thomas J. Craughwell 2007; ISBN by Thomas J. Craughwell 2007 ; 1-5947 4-184 – 0 ; p. 172
^Communication, Father Robert Graham, SJ, 10 November 1992
^
Orientalis Ecclesiae, AAS, 1944, p. 129
^
Orientales omnes Ecclesias, AAS, 1946, pp. 33–63.
^
Sempiternus Rex, AAS, 1951, pp. 625–44.
^
Orientales Ecclesias. AAS, 1953, pp. 5–15.
^Apostolic Letters to the bishops in the East. AAS, 1956, pp. 260 – 64 .
^
Fulgens corona, AAS, 1953, pp. 577–93
^Papal letter to the People of Russia, AAS, 1952, pp. 505 – 11 .
^
Daniela Treveri Gennari, Post-War Italian Cinema: American Intervention, Vatican Interests (New York and London: Routledge, 2009), 22.
^Communicatio Socialis, Challenge of Theology and Ministry in the Church, Festschrift for Franz-Josef Eilers (Kassel, Germany: Kassel University Press, 2007), 11.Helmuth Rolfes, ” Inter Mirifica and What Followed : The Second Vatican Council as the Beginning of a New Era in the Relationship Between the Church and the Media “, in Helmuth Rolfes and Angela Ann Zukowski, eds., , Festschrift for Franz-Josef Eilers ( Kassel, Germany : Kassel University Press, 2007 ), 11 .
^Saintly Men of Modern Times. (2003); ISBN 1-931709-77-7Joan Carroll Cruz ( OCDS ) .. ( 2003 ) ;
^The Holy Man of Tours. (1990); ISBN 0-89555-390-2Dorothy Scallan .. ( 1990 ) ;
^
Lehnert, Pascalina. Pius XII, Ich durfte ihm dienen, Würzburg, 1982, p. 163
^
Corrado Pallenberg, p. 71

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^McGoldrick, Patricia M. (2012). “New Perspectives on Pius XII and Vatican Financial Transactions during the Second World War”. Historical Journal. 55 (4): 1029–48. doi:10.1017/S0018246X12000416. S2CID 154304692.
^108 : ” In the midst of this world which today presents such a sharp contrast to ” The Peace of Christ in the Reign of Christ “, the Church and her faithful are in times and in years of trial such as have rarely been known in her history of struggle and suffering ” .
^Report by the Polish Ambassador to the Holy See on the Situation in German-occupied Poland, Memorandum No. 79, 29 May 1942, Myron Taylor’s papers, NARA .
^
John Toland; Hitler; Wordsworth Editions; 1997 Edn; p. 594
^
Conway, Prof. John S., The Vatican, the Nazis and Pursuit of Justice.
a b c
John Toland; Hitler; Wordsworth Editions; 1997 Edn; p. 760
^Encyclopædia Britannica Online – Reflections on the Holocaust; web April 2013; web April 2013
^The Myth of Hitler’s Pope: How Pope Pius XII Rescued Jews from the Nazis. Regnery Publishing: Washington, D.C. 2005; ISBN Dalin, David G.. Regnery Publishing : Washington, D.C. 2005 ; 0-8952 6-034 – 4 ; p. 76
^Hume, Brit (18 August 2006). “Hitler’s Pope?”. The American Spectator. Archived from the original on 27 October 2008 .
^Minutes of 7 August 1941. British Public Records Office FO 371 / 30175 57760
^
Mark Aarons and John Loftus. Unholy Trinity pp. 71–72
^
Israel Gutman (ed.) Encyclopedia of the Holocaust vol 2, p. 739
^
Rychlak, Ronald. Hitler, the War, and the Pope pp. 414–15, note 61.
^Paris, Edmond (1961). Genocide in Satellite Croatia 1941–1945. King’s. p. 220. ISBN 978-1258163464.
^
Mary Ball Martinez. 1993, “Pope Pius XII and the Second World War”. Journal of Historical Review. pp. v, 13
^Rittner and Roth, 2002, p. 4
^Alvarez and Graham, 1997, pp. 86 – 88 .
^
Paul O’Shea; A Cross Too Heavy; Rosenberg Publishing; 2008; p. 36
^
Encyclopædia Britannica: “Roman Catholicism – the period of the world wars”.
^
Lesser, Jeffrey. 1995. Welcoming the Undesirables: Brazil and the Jewish Question. University of California Press. pp. 151–68.
^
Friedländer, Saul. Nazi Germany and the Jews: The Years of Persecution, 1997, New York: HarperCollins, p. 223
a bMcInerney, 2001, p. 49
^
Ewers, Justin (24 November 2008). Sainthood on Hold. U.S. News & World Report.
a b c dGutman, 1990, p. 1137
a bPerl, William, The Holocaust Conspiracy, p. 200
a bPhayer, 2000, p. 5
^
Michael R. Marrus and Robert O. Paxton, 1981, Vichy France and the Jews, New York: Basic Books, p. 202
^
Delpech, Les Eglises et la Persécution raciale, p. 267
^
John F. Morley, 1980, Vatican Diplomacy and the Jews during the Holocaust, 1939–1943, New York: KTAV, p. 75
^Perl, William, The Holocaust Conspiracy, p. 206
^
Hilberg, Raul, The Destruction of the European Jews, (2003) 3rd edition, pp. 1204–05.
^United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Polish Victims. Retrieved 17 December 2008 .
^Israel Pocket Library, Holocaust, p. 136
^
( in French ) Actes et documents du Saint Siège relatifs à la Seconde Guerre mondiale/éd. par Pierre Blet, Angelo Martini, Burkhart Schneider and Robert Graham (7 April 1943).
^Israel Pocket Library, Holocaust, p. 134
^
Zolli, Eugenio. Before the Dawn. Reissued in 1997 as Why I Became a Catholic.
^Israel Pocket Library, Holocaust, p. 133
^Letter of Pius XII of 30 April 1943 to the Bischop of Berlin, Graf von Preysing, published in ” Documentation catholique ” of 2 February 1964 .
^
Lang, Berel (Fall 2001). “Not Enough vs. Plenty: Which did Pius XII do?”. Judaism. 50 (4): 448.
^Gutman, Israel, Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, p. 1138
^
Gilbert, Martin, The Holocaust, p. 701
^Perl, William, The Holocaust Conspiracy, p. 176
^Jerusalem Report, ( 7 February 2005 ) .
^Audience for the directors of mission activities in 1944 A.A.S., 1944, p. 208
^Robert Ventresca, Soldier of Christ, p. 282 – 283
^Robert Ventresca, Soldier of Christ, p. 240
^Robert Ventresca, Soldier of Christ, p. 242
^Robert Ventresca, Soldier of Christ, p. 246
^
Gerard Noel, Pius XII, The Hound of Hitler, p. 3
a b c dAssociated Press (AP), Rome, 11 October 1958″ Pope’s Body Embalmed with Special Process “, ( AP ), Rome, 11 October 1958
^
Lehnert, Pascalina. Ich durfte ihm dienen, p. 197
^Hebblethwaite, Peter. John XXIII, Pope of the Council (revised edition), Harper Collins: Glasgow. 1994( revised edition ), Harper Collins : Glasgow. 1994
^Paul O’Shea, A Cross too Heavy, Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, p. 2
^Time. 16 August 1943 .
^
Paul O’Shea; A Cross Too Heavy; Rosenberg Publishing; 2008; pp. 40–41
^
McInerney, Ralph, The Defamation of Pius XII, 2001.
^
Poliakov, Leon; November (1950). “The Vatican and the ‘Jewish Question’: The Record of the Hitler Period—and After”. Commentary. 10: 439–49.
^
Lapide, Pinchas. Three Popes and the Jews, 1967, quoted in Dalin, 2005, p. 11
^
e.g. Gilbert, Martin. The Holocaust, p. 623
^Christian Century, “Judging Pius XII” by Kevin Madigan. 14 March 2001, pp. 6–7; see also The Pius war: responses to the critics of Pius XII by ” Lapide was in the 1960 s an Israeli consul in Milan and was attempting, at the time he made his inflated estimates, to secure Vatican recognition for the state of Israel. Similar motives explain statements made in the immediate postwar period by Golda Meir and Moshe Sharett, foreign ministers of the new state of Israel. Had these statements been accurate within even an order of magnitude, Pius would perhaps deserve to be honored by Yad Vashem and celebrated by Rabbi Dalin as a righteous gentile. They were not. Whatever was thus gained diplomatically by these statements — in the short run, precious little — was purchased at the cost of considerable historical untruth. ” in, ” Judging Pius XII ” by Kevin Madigan. 14 March 2001, pp. 6 – 7 ; see alsoby Joseph Bottum và David Dalin, 2004, p. 190
^Il Novecento tra genocidi, paure e speranze, Jaca Book, Milan 2006, p. 214, quoted in La Civiltà Cattolica, 2009, I 540Giovanni Sale, , Jaca Book, Milan 2006, p. 214, quoted in, 2009, I 540
^
Blet, Pierre. Pius XII and the Second World War, Paulist Press, 1999
^The Case Against Pius Xii, Newsweek. 27 September 1999.Kenneth L. Woodward .. 27 September 1999 .
^Paul O’Shea ; A Cross Too Heavy ; Rosenberg Publishing ; 2008 ; p. 38
^
The Economist, 9 December 2004.
^
John Cornwell, The Pontiff in Winter (2004), p. 193
^
Rychlak, Ronald J. Hitler, the War and the Pope Genesis Press, Columbus, MS: 2000, pp. 401 ff.
^” brief phases of reassurance about the role of the Pope were followed by waves of critical literature [ – ] and counteracted the process of exoneration that had been underway for some years. The focus of recent analyses by John Cornwell via Michael Phayer, Susan Zucotti, Daniel J. Goldhagen, and Giovanni Miccoli, as well as works by authors Matteo Napolitano and Andrea Torniello, is once again about the Pope’s silence about the murder of Jews in Europe – the papal archives could provide information about Vatican diplomacy between 1933 and 1945 ; however, the Vatican remains the only European state that withholds không tính tiền access to its archives from contemporary historians. The archives of these years are crucial if many questions about the Holocaust and the Second World War are to be answered and if the many uncertainties concerning Nazi refugee assistance by the Vatican are to be removed. ” ( Gerald Steinacher : Nazis on the Run, p. 105 )
^Preliminary Report, p. 2
a b
Fogarty, Gerard P., The Vatican and the Holocaust, Presentation to the Dominican House of Studies, Washington, D.C., 9 December 2000
^Preliminary Report, p. 5
^Question One
^Question 28
^Question 42
^
Melissa Radler. “Vatican Blocks Panel’s Access to Holocaust Archives”. The Jerusalem Post. 24 July 2001.
^Stanford, Peter J. (13 October 2003). “Catholic guilt”. Archived from the original on 4 September 2008. in review of Fatal Silence: the pope, the resistance and the German occupation of Rome, written by Robert Katz; ISBN
in review of, written by Robert Katz; 0-297-84661-2. Weidenfeld & Nicolson (2003)

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^Katz, Robert (2003). The Battle for Rome: The Germans, the Allies, the Partisans, and the Pope, September 1943 – June 1944. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. p. 249ff.
^Goñi, afterword to the revised 2003 edition, pp. 327 – 348 .
^
Brown-Fleming, 2006, Chapter 4: Granting Absolution. Muench and the Catholic Clemency Campaign.

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Pope Pius XII – Wikipedia